Outdoor Fountain Engineers Through History
Outdoor Fountain Engineers Through History Fountain designers were multi-talented people from the 16th to the late 18th century, often working as architects, sculptors, artisans, engineers and highly educated scholars all in one person. Exemplifying the Renaissance artist as a innovative master, Leonardo da Vinci performed as an innovator and scientific specialist. He systematically documented his experiences in his currently renowned notebooks, following his enormous fascination in the forces of nature guided him to examine the attributes and movement of water. Early Italian water feature designers converted private villa settings into inspiring water displays full of emblematic meaning and natural charm by combining creativity with hydraulic and gardening experience. The humanist Pirro Ligorio offered the vision behind the splendors in Tivoli and was distinguished for his skill in archeology, architecture and garden design. Well versed in humanistic topics as well as classical scientific readings, other water fountain makers were masterminding the excellent water marbles, water functions and water jokes for the numerous properties near Florence.
The Main Characteristics of Ancient Greek Sculpture
The Main Characteristics of Ancient Greek Sculpture The primitive Greeks manufactured the first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. For the most part the statues, or kouros figures, were of young and nice-looking male or female (kore) Greeks. Symbolizing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were created to appear stiff and always had foot in front; the males were healthy, robust, and nude. The kouroi grew to be life-sized starting in 650 BC. The Archaic period was tumultuous for the Greeks as they progressed into more sophisticated forms of government and art, and obtained more information and facts about the peoples and societies outside of Greece. Conflicts like The Arcadian wars, the Spartan invasion of Samos, and other wars among city-states are suggestive of the disruptive nature of the time, which was similar to other periods of historical upset. However, these conflicts did not significantly hinder the advancement of the Greek civilization.What Are Outdoor Garden Fountains Crafted From?
What Are Outdoor Garden Fountains Crafted From?
Although they come in different materials, contemporary garden fountains tend to be made of metal. Those made from metals have clean lines and attractive sculptural elements, and are versatile enough to fit any budget and decor. It is essential that your landscape design reflects the style of your residence. At present, copper is quite common for sculptural garden fountains. Copper is used in cascade and tabletop water fountains as well as various other styles, making it perfect for inside and outside fountains. Another benefit of copper fountains is they are flexible and come in a wide assortment of styles.
Brass water fountains are also popular, though they tend to have a more classic look than copper ones. Even though they are a bit old-fashioned, brass fountains are quite common because they often incorporate interesting artwork.
Arguably the most cutting-edge of all metals is stainless steel. Adding a modern-looking steel design will immediately add value to your garden and enhance the overall atmosphere. As with most fountains, they are available in many sizes.
Fiberglass fountains are widespread because they look similar to metal but are more affordable and much less cumbersome to move around. The maintenance of fiberglass water fountains is quite simple, so they have many advantages that people appreciate.
The Effect of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Gardens
The Effect of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Gardens The arrival of the Normans in the second half of the eleventh century greatly modified The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. Engineering and gardening were attributes that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. But the Normans had to pacify the whole territory before they could concentrate on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Castles were more fundamental designs and often built on blustery hills, where their people spent both time and space to practicing offense and defense, while monasteries were major stone buildings, mostly located in the widest, most fruitful hollows. Gardening, a peaceful occupation, was impracticable in these fruitless fortifications. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is symbolized in Berkeley Castle, which is conceivably the most untouched sample we have. It is said that the keep was developed during William the Conqueror's time. A spacious terrace meant for strolling and as a way to stop enemies from mining below the walls runs around the building. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an ancient yew hedge trimmed into the shape of crude battlements.The One Cleaning Solution to NEVER Use On Your Outdoor Garden Fountains
The One Cleaning Solution to NEVER Use On Your Outdoor Garden Fountains Proper care and regular maintenance are important to the longevity of water fountains.
Leaves, twigs, and insects often find their way into fountains, so it is vital to keep yours free from such debris. Additionally, anywhere light from the sun mixes with still water, algae can form. Stir hydrogen peroxide, sea salt, or vinegar into the water to avoid this particular problem. There are those who like to use bleach, but that is hazardous to any animals that might drink or bathe in the water - so should therefore be avoided. Experts advise that the typical garden fountain undergoes a thorough cleaning every 3-4 months. The first step is to get rid of all of the water. When you have done this, scrub inside the water reservoir with a gentle detergent. Feel free to use a toothbrush if needed for any smaller crevasses. Any soap residue remaining on your fountain can damage it, so be sure it is all rinsed off.
Calcium and fresh water organisms can get inside the pump, so you should really disassemble it to get it truly clean. To make it less difficult, soak it in vinegar overnight before cleaning. Neither rain water nor mineral water contain ingredients that will accumulate inside the pump, so use either over tap water if possible.
One final tip for keeping your fountain in top working condition is to check the water level every day and make sure it is full. Low water levels can ruin the pump - and you do not want that!
California's Outdoor Garden Fountain Analysis and Results
California's Outdoor Garden Fountain Analysis and Results
In February 2014, a taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages was enacted in Berkley, CA, making it the first city in the United States to submit such a law. By making soda more costly, it’s thought that individuals will make healthier choices for what their children drink, like water for instance. Attempts were made to find out the state of local drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods. Important information on the city’s drinking water fountains were assembled using a GPS created exclusively for the research. Demographic data on race and income was then gathered using the US Census database. By cross-referencing the water fountain locations with the demographic data, they were able to determine whether access to working fountains was class reliant. They were able to uncover the demographics of segments surrounding established fountains, as well as the tidiness and upkeep of fountains across various areas. Most of the water fountains were filthy or plugged, despite the fact that most fountains worked.