California's Garden Water Fountain Study and Results
California's Garden Water Fountain Study and Results
The first example of a soda tax in the USA came in February 2014, when it was passed by the city of Berkley, California. By taxing sugary drinks, the city hopes to encourage more people to select healthier options, such as water. First, the city conducted research to evaluate whether citizens had proper access to functioning drinking water fountains. Facts on the city’s drinking water fountains were gathered using a GPS created exclusively for the research. Demographic data on race and earnings was then assembled using the US Census database. Comparisons were made between the location and demographic data, revealing whether class differences affected availability to clean, functional water fountains. Each water fountain and the demographics of its neighboring area were reviewed to reveal whether the site of the fountains or their standard of maintenance demonstrated any link to income, race, or other factors. The tidiness of lots of fountains was found lacking, even if most were functioning.
Where did Garden Water Fountains Come From?
Where did Garden Water Fountains Come From? The incredible construction of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to enhance your home.Originally, fountains only served a functional purpose.
Residents of urban areas, townships and small towns utilized them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash, which meant that fountains had to be connected to nearby aqueduct or spring. Used until the 19th century, in order for fountains to flow or shoot up into the air, their source of water such as reservoirs or aqueducts, had to be higher than the water fountain in order to benefit from gravity. Designers thought of fountains as wonderful additions to a living space, however, the fountains also served to provide clean water and honor the artist responsible for creating it. The main materials used by the Romans to build their fountains were bronze or stone masks, mostly illustrating animals or heroes. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden designers included fountains in their designs to re-create the gardens of paradise. To show his prominence over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. To mark the entrance of the restored Roman aqueducts, the Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries commissioned the building of baroque style fountains in the spot where the aqueducts entered the city of Rome
Since indoor plumbing became the norm of the day for clean, drinking water, by the end of the 19th century urban fountains were no longer needed for this purpose and they became purely decorative. The creation of special water effects and the recycling of water were two things made possible by swapping gravity with mechanical pumps.
Modern-day fountains serve mostly as decoration for public spaces, to honor individuals or events, and compliment entertainment and recreational activities.
Exterior Fountains Come in Lots of Shapes and Sizes
Exterior Fountains Come in Lots of Shapes and Sizes Turn your garden into what you have always desired – an oasis of serenity. The calming feeling provided by outdoor fountains is just one of the benefits of adding a water feature in your garden.A eye-catching impact is made when a spouting fountain sends a shooting stream of water up into the air. Large, existing ponds can have one of these built-in without much trouble. These types of fountains are often seen in parks or historical manor homes.
Outdoor water features come in a variety of forms, one of which is a chic wall fountain. If you are eager to include a water feature, but are concerned because you have a small yard, do not hesitate to incorporate one of these. Wall fountains are not flamboyant water features when compared with a spouting fountain.
It is simple undertaking wherein a small jet of water pours outwards in front of a beautifully textured wall and then flows down only to be pumped up again.
Your garden’s style determines whether a themed fountain is right for you. Consider a classic type of statue, such as a cherub supporting a spout, for the fountain if your residence or garden is rustic in style. think about including something bolder and unique for a modern-day garden. Feel free to let your hair down and go with something fun and audacious.
Water spills down multiple levels in a tiered fountain. Water flows down numerous tiers in a cascading fountain.
Since external fountains require a great deal of space, think about putting in a wall fountain or a pondless fountain. These kinds of fountains are suitable for an area with limited space because their reservoirs are buried underground.
If you seek a feeling of peacefulness and calmness, install a Japanese fountain as these are thought to bring about such sensations. Bamboo sticks function as the piping from which water flows in these kinds of water features. A rustic bucket or shaped stone is positioned at the bottom of this feature to collect the flowing water only to have the cycle repeated over and over again.
Glass fountains make up another group of fountain. Trellis-style fountains of this kind, highlight molded metalwork which provides a more conventional look. Gardens with a lot of sharp edges as well as modern shapes and designs are better for these sorts of water features. The flowing water creates a beautiful effect as it moves down the glass panels. LED lights are also used in some fountains to flash color across the water as it flows downward on the glass sheet. The jagged surface of rock waterfall fountain creates an interesting façade as the water softly trickles downwards.
A large rock drilled with holes which then has tubes inserted into it is what distinguishes a bubbling rock fountain. Low pressure is used to push up the water which then bubbles and gurgles at the top. Water then flows as a slow trickle down the sides of the rock to its base. This is yet another possibility for gardens with restricted space. The low pressure used in this sort of fountain prevents water from being splashed about in case of a windy day.
The trend of installing solar powered fountains is becoming increasingly prevalent. There are numerous reasons for this newly found appeal such as the absence of cables, less difficulty in running them, a decrease in electricity bills, and the benefits to the environment. You will not have to concede on style since there is a wide selection of designs to pick from in outdoor solar-powered fountains.
Landscape Elegance: Large Outdoor Fountains
Landscape Elegance: Large Outdoor Fountains Having a pond near your outdoor water fountain is no longer necessary because they can now be situated on a wall close by. Nowadays, you can do away with digging, complicated installations and cleaning the pond. Plumbing work is no longer a necessity since this feature in now self-contained. Adding water on a consistent} basis is important, however. Your pond should always contain fresh water, so be sure to empty the bowl whenever it gets dirty. Any number of materials can be used to build garden wall fountains, but stone and metal are the most convenient. Knowing the style you want indicates the right material to use. The best designs for your outdoor wall fountain are those which are handmade, simple to put up and not too cumbersome to hang. The fountain you choose needs to be easy to maintain as well. While there may be some cases in which the setup needs a bit more care, generally the majority require a minimal amount of effort to install since the only two parts which require scrutiny are the re-circulating pump and the hanging hardware. Little exertion is needed to liven up your garden with these kinds of fountains.
Water Delivery Solutions in Historic Rome
Water Delivery Solutions in Historic Rome Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct founded in Rome, began supplying the men and women living in the hills with water in 273 BC, though they had relied on natural springs up till then.
If residents living at higher elevations did not have accessibility to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to depend on the other existing techniques of the day, cisterns that accumulated rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that received the water from under ground. From the early sixteenth century, water was routed to Pincian Hill by using the underground channel of Acqua Vergine. Pozzi, or manholes, were built at regular intervals along the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it more straightforward to maintain the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to pull water from the aqueduct, as we observed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he possessed the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he passed away. Despite the fact that the cardinal also had a cistern to collect rainwater, it couldn't produce enough water. That is when he made the decision to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran under his property.
The Major Characteristics of Classic Greek Sculpture
The Major Characteristics of Classic Greek Sculpture Archaic Greeks were known for developing the first freestanding statuary; up until then, most carvings were formed out of walls and pillars as reliefs. Most of the freestanding statues were of youthful, winsome male or female (kore) Greeks and are known as kouros figures. The kouroi were seen by the Greeks to represent beauty and were sculpted with one foot leading and an uncompromising stiffness to their forward-facing poses; the male statues were always strapping, brawny, and naked. Around 650 BC, life-sized forms of the kouroi began to be observed. The Archaic period was an amazing point of transformation for the Greeks as they grew into new forms of government, produced novel expressions of art, and achieved information of the people and cultures outside of Greece.
Comparable to other moments of historical conflict, disputes were common, and there were struggles between city-states like The Arcadian wars, the Spartan invasion of Samos.