Water-lifting Tool by Camillo Agrippa

Water-lifting Tool Camillo Agrippa 450793433686520.jpg

Water-lifting Tool by Camillo Agrippa In 1588, Agrippa’s water-lifting innovation captivated the notice and approval of Andrea Bacci but that turned out to be one of the last references of the technology. Only years later, in 1592, the earliest contemporary Roman conduit, the Acqua Felice, was hooked up to the Medici’s villa, perhaps making the product outdated. In truth it was perhaps simply disused when Ferdinando returned to Florence in 1588 soon after the expiry of his brother, Francesco di Medici, leading Ferdinando to give up his cardinalship in order to protect his position as the upcoming Grand Duke of Tuscany. Renaissance gardens of the late 16th century were home to works including musical fountains, scenographic water displays and water caprices (giochi d’acqua), but these were not filled with water in ways which went against gravitation itself.

Aqueducts: The Remedy to Rome's Water Challenges

Aqueducts: The Remedy to Rome's Water Challenges Rome’s 1st raised aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; before that, people residing at higher elevations had to depend on local springs for their water. If people living at higher elevations did not have accessibility to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to depend on the remaining existing techniques of the day, cisterns that compiled rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that drew the water from under ground. In the early 16th century, the city began to use the water that flowed underground through Acqua Vergine to provide drinking water to Pincian Hill. The aqueduct’s channel was made available by pozzi, or manholes, that were positioned along its length when it was initially designed. Though they were originally developed to make it possible to service the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started using the manholes to get water from the channel, starting when he obtained the property in 1543. He didn’t get enough water from the cistern that he had manufactured on his property to collect rainwater. Aqueducts: Remedy Rome's Water Challenges 8930159973877775641.jpg

Aqueducts: Remedy Rome's Water Challenges 8930159973877775641.jpg

To provide himself with a much more practical means to assemble water, he had one of the manholes opened, providing him access to the aqueduct below his residence.

The Impact of the Norman Conquest on Anglo Saxon Landscaping

The Impact of the Norman Conquest on Anglo Saxon Landscaping The introduction of the Normans in the second half of the 11th century irreparably improved The Anglo-Saxon lifestyle. Architecture and horticulture were attributes that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. Impact Norman Conquest Anglo Saxon Landscaping 9855322954505204845.jpg

Impact Norman Conquest Anglo Saxon Landscaping 9855322954505204845.jpg

But yet there was no time for home life, domesticated architecture, and decoration until the Normans had conquered the whole realm. Most often constructed upon windy peaks, castles were basic constructs that enabled their occupants to spend time and space to offensive and defensive schemes, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings generally added in only the most fecund, extensive valleys. The tranquil method of gardening was unrealistic in these dreary bastions. Berkeley Castle is most likely the most complete model in existence nowadays of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture. It is said that the keep was created during William the Conqueror's time. A massive terrace serves as a hindrance to invaders who would try to mine the walls of the building. A scenic bowling green, covered in grass and enclosed by battlements cut out of an ancient yew hedge, forms one of the terraces.