Characteristics of Garden Statues in Archaic Greece
Characteristics of Garden Statues in Archaic Greece The Archaic Greeks developed the very first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Youthful, appealing male or female (kore) Greeks were the subject matter of most of the sculptures, or kouros figures.
Representing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were designed to look rigid and typically had foot in front; the males were healthy, strong, and nude. The kouroi became life-sized starting in 650 BC. A significant period of improvement for the Greeks, the Archaic period helped bring about newer forms of state, expressions of art, and a higher comprehension of people and customs outside of Greece. The Arcadian battles, the Spartan penetration of Samos, and other wars between city-states are instances of the sorts of clashes that arose commonly, which is consistent with other times of historical change.
Contemporary Sculpture in Historic Greece
Contemporary Sculpture in Historic Greece Historically, the vast majority of sculptors were compensated by the temples to embellish the elaborate pillars and archways with renderings of the gods, but as the period came to a close it became more accepted for sculptors to portray ordinary people as well because many Greeks had begun to think of their religion as superstitious rather than sacred. In some cases, a representation of affluent families' ancestors would be commissioned to be located inside huge familial burial tombs, and portraiture, which would be copied by the Romans upon their conquest of Greek civilization, also became customary. During the many years of The Greek Classical period, a time of visual progress, the use of sculpture and other art forms changed, so it is incorrect to say that the arts delivered merely one function.
Greek sculpture was actually a modern component of antiquity, whether the reason was religious fervor or visual fulfillment, and its modern quality might be what endears it to us now.
The Beginnings of Modern Wall Fountains
The Beginnings of Modern Wall Fountains The translation of hundreds of ancient Greek documents into Latin was commissioned by the scholarly Pope Nicholas V who ruled the Church in Rome from 1397 until 1455. In order to make Rome worthy of being the capital of the Christian world, the Pope resolved to embellish the beauty of the city. Restoration of the Acqua Vergine, a desolate Roman aqueduct which had carried clean drinking water into the city from eight miles away, began in 1453 at the bidding of the Pope. The historical Roman custom of marking the arrival point of an aqueduct with an imposing celebratory fountain, also known as a mostra, was restored by Nicholas V. The Trevi Fountain now occupies the space previously filled with a wall fountain crafted by Leon Battista Albert, an architect commissioned by the Pope. The aqueduct he had refurbished included modifications and extensions which eventually allowed it to supply water to the Trevi Fountain as well as the renowned baroque fountains in the Piazza del Popolo and the Piazza Navona.Where did Large Outdoor Fountains Come From?
Where did Large Outdoor Fountains Come From? The incredible construction of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to complement your home.Originally, fountains only served a practical purpose. Inhabitants of cities, townships and small towns used them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash, which meant that fountains needed to be linked to nearby aqueduct or spring. Used until the 19th century, in order for fountains to flow or shoot up into the air, their origin of water such as reservoirs or aqueducts, had to be higher than the water fountain in order to benefit from gravity. Fountains were an optimal source of water, and also served to adorn living areas and memorialize the designer. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often used by Romans to decorate their fountains. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden planners incorporated fountains to create mini depictions of the gardens of paradise. To show his prominence over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. The Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries were glorified with baroque style fountains built to mark the place of entry of Roman aqueducts.
Urban fountains made at the end of the 19th century functioned only as decorative and celebratory adornments since indoor plumbing provided the essential drinking water. Gravity was substituted by mechanical pumps in order to permit fountains to bring in clean water and allow for amazing water displays.
Modern fountains are used to adorn community spaces, honor individuals or events, and enrich recreational and entertainment events.
The Dissemination of Water Feature Design Knowledge
The Dissemination of Water Feature Design Knowledge
Throughout Europe, the primary means of spreading useful hydraulic facts and fountain design ideas were the circulated papers and illustrated publications of the time, which added to the advancement of scientific technology. In the later part of the 1500's, a French water feature architect (whose name has been lost) was the globally recognized hydraulics innovator. His competence in making landscapes and grottoes with built-in and ingenious water attributes began in Italy and with commissions in Brussels, London and Germany. He penned a book titled “The Principles of Moving Forces” towards the end of his lifetime while in France that came to be the fundamental tome on hydraulic technology and engineering. Updating key hydraulic discoveries of classical antiquity, the publication also details contemporary hydraulic technologies. Archimedes, the developer of the water screw, had his work featured and these integrated a mechanized means to move water. A pair of hidden containers heated by sunlight in an space next to the decorative fountain were presented in an illustration. Activating the water feature is heated liquid that expands and rises to seal up the water lines. Garden ponds as well as pumps, water wheels, and water feature concepts are incorporated in the publication.