Anglo Saxon Landscapes During the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Landscapes During the Norman Conquest The introduction of the Normans in the 2nd half of the 11th century irreparably altered The Anglo-Saxon lifestyle. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation.
Nonetheless the Normans had to pacify the whole territory before they could focus on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Castles were more fundamental constructions and often built on blustery hills, where their people devoted both time and space to practicing offense and defense, while monasteries were considerable stone buildings, mostly positioned in the widest, most fertile hollows. Gardening, a placid occupation, was unfeasible in these fruitless fortifications. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is portrayed in Berkeley Castle, which is conceivably the most unscathed illustration we have. It is said that the keep was introduced during William the Conqueror's time. A massive terrace serves as a deterrent to intruders who would try to mine the walls of the building. On one of these parapets is a scenic bowling green covered in grass and bordered by an aged hedge of yew that has been designed into coarse battlements.
A Concise History of the Early Fountains
A Concise History of the Early Fountains Water fountains were originally practical in purpose, used to convey water from canals or creeks to towns and hamlets, providing the inhabitants with fresh water to drink, bathe, and prepare food with.
In the years before electricity, the spray of fountains was driven by gravity alone, often using an aqueduct or water supply located far away in the surrounding hills. The splendor and wonder of fountains make them appropriate for traditional monuments. The contemporary fountains of today bear little resemblance to the very first water fountains. Created for drinking water and ceremonial reasons, the very first fountains were basic carved stone basins. The original stone basins are suspected to be from about 2000 B.C.. Early fountains put to use in ancient civilizations depended on gravity to manipulate the movement of water through the fountain. These historic water fountains were created to be functional, usually situated along reservoirs, streams and rivers to supply drinking water. Fountains with elaborate decoration began to appear in Rome in approx. 6 B.C., commonly gods and wildlife, made with stone or bronze. Water for the communal fountains of Rome arrived to the city via a complex system of water aqueducts.
The Distribution of Outdoor Garden Fountain Industrial Knowledge in Europe
The Distribution of Outdoor Garden Fountain Industrial Knowledge in Europe Dissiminating practical hydraulic knowledge and fountain design ideas all through Europe was accomplished with the written papers and illustrated books of the time.
An internationally recognized innovator in hydraulics in the late 1500's was a French fountain designer, whose name has been lost to history. With imperial mandates in Brussels, London and Germany, he started his work in Italy, building knowledge in garden design and grottoes with integrated and ingenious water hydraulics. In France, near the closure of his life, he penned “The Principle of Moving Forces”, a publication which turned into the fundamental text on hydraulic technology and engineering. Classical antiquity hydraulic discoveries were elaborated as well as updates to key classical antiquity hydraulic breakthroughs in the book. The water screw, a technical means to move water, and invented by Archimedes, was highlighted in the book. Sunlight heating up water in two containers hidden in a room adjacent to an decorative fountain was presented in one illustration. The end result: the fountain is activated by the hot liquid expanding and rising up the pipelines. Pumps, water wheels, water attributes and backyard pond concepts are documented in the book.
Use a Fountain To Help Improve Air Quality
Use a Fountain To Help Improve Air Quality If what you are after is to breathe life into an otherwise uninspiring ambiance, an indoor wall fountain can be the solution. Pleasant to the senses and advantageous to your health, these indoor features are an excellent addition to your home. The science behind the idea that water fountains can be beneficial for you is undeniable. Modern-day appliances create positive ions which are balanced out by the negative ions released by water features. Undeniable positive improvements in mental and physical health emerge when negative ions overpower positive ions. They also raise serotonin levels, so you begin to feel more aware, relaxed and revitalized. Due to the negative ions it releases, an indoor wall fountain can improve your spirits and also eliminate impurities in the air. They also help to reduce allergies, contaminants as well as other types of irritants. Finally, these fountains absorb dust particles and micro-organisms in the air thereby influencing your general well-being for the better.
Builders of the First Outside Garden Fountains
Builders of the First Outside Garden Fountains Fountain designers were multi-talented people from the 16th to the late 18th century, often serving as architects, sculptors, artisans, engineers and cultivated scholars all in one. Exemplifying the Renaissance skilled artist as a innovative master, Leonardo da Vinci performed as an innovator and scientific specialist. The forces of nature inspired him to explore the qualities and movement of water, and due to his fascination, he methodically captured his observations in his now famed notebooks. Early Italian water feature designers altered private villa settings into inventive water showcases full of emblematic meaning and natural beauty by combining creativity with hydraulic and gardening expertise. The humanist Pirro Ligorio brought the vision behind the splendors in Tivoli and was renowned for his virtuosity in archeology, architecture and garden design. Other fountain engineers, masterminding the extraordinary water marbles, water functions and water jokes for the countless properties in the vicinity of Florence, were tried and tested in humanistic subjects and traditional scientific readings.
Himself a learned man, Pope Nicholas V headed the Roman Catholic Church from 1397 till 1455 and was responsible for the translation of scores of age-old texts from their original Greek into Latin....
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Indoor fountains are a great addition in hospitals and wellness clinics since they add a peaceful, tranquil essence to them.Softly streaming water lulls people into a state of introspection....
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Water fountains were at first practical in function, used to bring water from rivers or springs to towns and hamlets, supplying the inhabitants with fresh water to drink, bathe, and cook with....
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Liquid in a state of equilibrium applies force on the objects it meets, including its container.The force used falls into one of two categories: external force or hydrostatic energy....
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