California's Water Fountain Analysis and Results
California's Water Fountain Analysis and Results The first implementation of a soda tax in the USA came in February 2014, when it was approved by the city of Berkley, California. By taxing sugary drinks, the city hopes to motivate more people to go with healthier options, such as water. First, the city conducted research to assess whether people had proper access to working drinking water fountains. Important information on the city’s drinking water fountains were developed using a GPS created specifically for the research.
Analysts then used US Census data to find out even more about the economic and racial factors that impacted the city. By cross-referencing the water fountain locations with the demographic information, they were in a position to determine whether access to functioning fountains was class reliant. The neighboring demographics of each water fountain location was made note of, while additionally deciding whether race or income rates made a huge difference in the state of repair of each individual fountain. The fact that the fountains were operating was not a guarantee that they were well-maintained, since quite a few were in need of maintenance and repair.
Where did Fountains Begin?
Where did Fountains Begin? A fountain, an incredible piece of engineering, not only supplies drinking water as it pours into a basin, it can also propel water high into the air for a noteworthy effect.Originally, fountains only served a practical purpose. People in cities, towns and villages received their drinking water, as well as water to bathe and wash, via aqueducts or springs in the vicinity. Used until the nineteenth century, in order for fountains to flow or shoot up into the air, their origin of water such as reservoirs or aqueducts, had to be higher than the water fountain in order to benefit from gravity. Fountains were not only used as a water source for drinking water, but also to decorate homes and celebrate the artist who created it. Bronze or stone masks of wildlife and heroes were commonly seen on Roman fountains.
To illustrate the gardens of paradise, Muslim and Moorish garden planners of the Middle Ages introduced fountains to their designs. To show his dominance over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries manufactured baroque decorative fountains to glorify the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the location where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
Indoor plumbing became the main source of water by the end of the 19th century thereby limiting urban fountains to mere decorative elements. Fountains using mechanical pumps instead of gravity allowed fountains to provide recycled water into living spaces as well as create special water effects.
These days, fountains decorate public areas and are used to pay tribute to individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.
The Origins of Modern Outdoor Wall Fountains
The Origins of Modern Outdoor Wall Fountains Himself a learned man, Pope Nicholas V headed the Roman Catholic Church from 1397 till 1455 and was responsible for the translation of scores of ancient texts from their original Greek into Latin. In order to make Rome worthy of being the capital of the Christian world, the Pope resolved to enhance the beauty of the city. Starting in 1453, the ruined ancient Roman aqueduct known as the Aqua Vergine which had brought fresh drinking water into the city from eight miles away, underwent restoration at the bidding of the Pope. A mostra, a monumental dedicatory fountain built by ancient Romans to mark the point of arrival of an aqueduct, was a custom which was restored by Nicholas V. At the behest of the Pope, architect Leon Battista Alberti began the construction of a wall fountain in the place where we now find the Trevi Fountain. The water which eventually furnished the Trevi Fountain as well as the acclaimed baroque fountains in the Piazza del Popolo and Piazza Navona came from the modified aqueduct which he had renovated.Taking Care Of Garden Wall Fountains
Taking Care Of Garden Wall Fountains A very important first step is to consider the dimensions of the outdoor wall fountain with regards to the area you have available for it.
A solid wall is definitely necessary to hold up its total weight. Therefore for smaller areas or walls, a more lightweight feature is going to be more appropriate. An electrical socket near the fountain is required to power the fountain. Since there are many kinds of outdoor wall fountains, installation procedures vary, but the majority include user-friendly instructions. All you will need to properly install your outdoor wall fountain is normally provided in easy-to-use kits. The kit will include a submersible pump, the hoses and basin (or reservoir). The basin, if it's not too large, can easily be concealedin your garden among the plants. Once your wall fountain is in place, all that is needed is consistent cleaning and some light maintenance.
Replace and clean the water on a regular basis. It is important to promptly remove debris such as leaves, twigs or other dreck. Extremely cold temperatures can damage your outdoor wall fountain so be sure to protect it during winer. Your pump may split when exposed to freezing water during the cold weather, so it is best to bring it indoors to avoid any damage. The bottom line is that if you properly maintain and care for your outdoor fountain, it will bring you joy for years to come.
Keep Your Garden Wall Fountain Tidy
Keep Your Garden Wall Fountain Tidy Water fountains will keep working a long time with regular cleaning and maintenance. A typical problem with fountains is that they tend to collect dirt and debris, so it is vital that you keep it free from this. Additionally, anywhere light from the sun mixes with still water, algae can form.
Either sea salt, hydrogen peroxide, or vinegar can be mixed into the water to eliminate this issue. Some people opt for pouring bleach into the water, but the downside is that it harms wildlife - so it should be avoided. No more than 3-4 months should really go by without an extensive cleansing of a fountain. Before you can start washing it you need to drain out all of the water. Then use a soft cloth and gentle cleanser to scrub the inside. A good tip is to use a toothbrush if there are small hard-to-reach spots. Any soap residue remaining on your fountain can harm it, so be sure it is all rinsed off.
Some organisms and calcium deposits can get inside the pump, so it is recommended to take it apart and clean it completely. You might want to let it soak in vinegar for a few hours to make it much less difficult to clean. If you want to eliminate build-up in your fountain, use rain water or mineral water versus tap water, as these don’t contain any elements that might stick to the inside of the pump.
Lastly, make sure your fountain is always full by checking on it every day - this will keep it in tip-top condition. Allowing the water to reach below the pump’s intake level, can cause serious damage and even make the pump burn out - an undesired outcome!
The Dissemination of Water Feature Design Knowledge
The Dissemination of Water Feature Design Knowledge
Spreading useful hydraulic knowledge and water feature design ideas all through Europe was accomplished with the published documents and illustrated books of the time. A globally renowned leader in hydraulics in the late 1500's was a French water fountain engineer, whose name has been lost to history. His experience in designing gardens and grottoes with built-in and brilliant water fountains began in Italy and with mandates in Brussels, London and Germany. In France, towards the end of his life, he penned “The Principle of Moving Forces”, a publication that became the essential text on hydraulic technology and engineering. The publication updated crucial hydraulic discoveries since classical antiquity as well as describing modern day hydraulic technologies. As a mechanized way to move water, Archimedes made the water screw, fundamental among important hydraulic breakthroughs. Sunlight heating liquid in a pair of vessels unseen in a room adjacent to an beautiful fountain was shown in one illustration. The hot liquid expands and then rises and closes the pipes consequently activating the water feature. Designs for pumps, water wheels, water features and garden ponds are also mentioned in the guide.