The Dispersion of Outdoor Fountain Design Knowledge

The Dispersion of Outdoor Fountain Design Knowledge Dissiminating useful hydraulic knowledge and water feature design ideas throughout Europe was accomplished with the published papers and illustrated books of the time. A globally celebrated leader in hydraulics in the late 1500's was a French fountain engineer, whose name has been lost to history. With imperial mandates in Brussels, London and Germany, he began his career in Italy, developing know-how in garden design and grottoes with integrated and imaginative water hydraulics. He wrote a publication titled “The Principles of Moving Forces” towards the end of his lifetime while in France that turned into the essential tome on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. The book updated key hydraulic advancements since classical antiquity as well as detailing contemporary hydraulic technologies. Archimedes, the inventor of the water screw, had his work showcased and these included a mechanical way to move water. Natural light warmed the liquid in a pair of undetectable containers next to the ornamental water feature were shown in an illustration. The end result: the fountain is stimulated by the heated liquid expanding and rising up the pipes. Designs for pumps, water wheels, water attributes and garden ponds are also mentioned in the guide.

Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest

Anglo Saxon Landscapes Time Norman Conquest 21319864159128371.jpg

Anglo Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest The Anglo-Saxon way of life was dramatically changed by the appearance of the Normans in the later eleventh century. Architecture and horticulture were attributes that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. But there was no time for home life, domesticated design, and decoration until the Normans had conquered the whole realm. Castles were more standard designs and often built on blustery hills, where their tenants spent both time and space to exercising offense and defense, while monasteries were considerable stone buildings, commonly situated in the widest, most fruitful hollows. The sterile fortresses did not provide for the quiet avocation of gardening. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is represented in Berkeley Castle, which is conceivably the most unscathed sample we have. It is said that the keep was developed during William the Conqueror's time. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an obstruction to attackers trying to excavate under the castle walls. On 1 of these terraces sits a charming bowling green: it is covered in grass and flanked by an old yew hedge that is formed into the shape of rough ramparts.