Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest

Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest The Anglo-Saxon way of life was dramatically changed by the arrival of the Normans in the later eleventh century. Anglo-Saxon Landscapes Time Norman Conquest 75050437393426.jpg

Anglo-Saxon Landscapes Time Norman Conquest 75050437393426.jpg

At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But before concentrating on home-life or having the occasion to contemplate domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire society. Because of this, castles were cruder structures than monasteries: Monasteries were usually immense stone buildings set in the biggest and most fecund valleys, while castles were erected on windy crests where their citizens devoted time and space to tasks for offense and defense. The serene method of gardening was unlikely in these dreary bastions. Berkeley Castle is possibly the most unchanged model in existence today of the early Anglo-Norman form of architecture. The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time. A spacious terrace recommended for walking and as a means to stop attackers from mining under the walls runs about the building. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an old yew hedge cut into the figure of crude battlements.

Contemporary Garden Decoration: Large Outdoor Water Fountains and their Roots

Contemporary Garden Decoration: Large Outdoor Water Fountains and their Roots A fountain, an amazing piece of engineering, not only supplies drinking water as it pours into a basin, it can also launch water high into the air for a noteworthy effect.

Contemporary Garden Decoration: Large Outdoor Water Fountains Roots 72874128686459564.jpg

Originally, fountains only served a functional purpose. Cities, towns and villages made use of nearby aqueducts or springs to supply them with potable water as well as water where they could bathe or wash. Up to the late nineteenth century, water fountains had to be near an aqueduct or reservoir and more elevated than the fountain so that gravity could make the water flow down or jet high into the air. Serving as an element of decoration and celebration, fountains also provided clean, fresh drinking water. The main materials used by the Romans to build their fountains were bronze or stone masks, mostly illustrating animals or heroes. To replicate the gardens of paradise, Muslim and Moorish garden planners of the Middle Ages added fountains to their designs. Fountains enjoyed a considerable role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exercise his power over nature. To mark the entryway of the restored Roman aqueducts, the Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries commissioned the construction of baroque style fountains in the spot where the aqueducts arrived in the city of Rome

Since indoor plumbing became the standard of the day for clean, drinking water, by the end of the 19th century urban fountains were no longer needed for this purpose and they became purely ornamental. Gravity was substituted by mechanical pumps in order to enable fountains to bring in clean water and allow for beautiful water displays.

Modern fountains are used to embellish public spaces, honor individuals or events, and enrich recreational and entertainment events.

Agrippa’s Splendid Water-lifting Appliance

Agrippa’s Splendid Water-lifting Appliance Although the device designed by Agrippa for carrying water attained the respect of Andrea Bacci in 1588, it appeared to vanish not long thereafter. It may be that the Acqua Felice, the second of Rome’s initial modern conduits made the system outdated when it was attached to the Villa Medici in 1592. Its application might have been short but Camillo Agrippa’s invention maintained a large place in history as the most remarkable water-lifting system of its type in Italy prior to the contemporary era. There may have been other impressive water-related works in Renaissance landscapes in the later part of the sixteenth century, such as fountains which played music, water caprices (or giochi d’acqua) and even scenographic water presentations, but none was motorized by water that defied gravitation.

Caring For Garden Water fountains

Caring For Garden Water fountains Installing an outdoor wall fountain demands that you take into account the dimensions of the space where you are going to install it. It is essential that the wall where you are going to place it is sturdy enough to support its load. Areas or walls which are smaller will call for a lightweight fountain. Caring Garden Water fountains 0674562201089037.jpg

Caring Garden Water fountains 0674562201089037.jpg

An electrical socket near the fountain is required to power the fountain. Since there are many kinds of outdoor wall fountains, installation procedures vary, but the majority include easy to follow instructions.

Everything you will need to properly install your outdoor wall fountain is typically provided in easy-to-use kits. The kit will contain a submersible pump, the hoses and basin (or reservoir). The basin, if it's not too large, can easily be hiddenin your garden among the plants. Since outdoor wall fountains require little maintenance, the only thing left to do is clean it consistently.

Replenishing and purifying the water on a regular basis is very important. Leaves, branches or dirt are types of debris which should be cleared away quickly. Safeguarding your outdoor wall fountain from the freezing winter temperatures is vital. If left outdoors, your pump could crack as a result of frigid water, so bring it inside during the winter. The bottom line is that if you properly maintain and care for your outdoor fountain, it will bring you joy for many years.

Greece: Architectural Statues

Greece: Architectural Statues Sculptors adorned the lavish columns and archways with renderings of the gods until the time came to a close and most Greeks had begun to think of their religion as superstitious rather than sacred; at that point, it grew to be more accepted for sculptors be compensated to show ordinary individuals as well. Portraiture, which would be recognized by the Romans upon their annexation of Greek civilization became traditional as well, and wealthy family members would often commission a rendering of their forebears to be placed in enormous familial tombs. It is amiss to state that the arts had one purpose during The Classical Greek period, a time period of creative advancement during which the use of sculpture and alternative art forms evolved. It may possibly be the modern quality of Greek sculpture that grabs our eye these days; it was on a leading-edge practice of the ancient world regardless of whether it was made for religious purposes or artistic pleasure.

Outdoor Fountains And Their Role in Public Health

Outdoor Fountains And Their Role in Public Health Berkley, CA people voted for a sugar-sweetened beverages tax in February 2014, the first of its kind in the United States. By making soda more costly, it’s hoped that individuals will make better choices for what their children drink, like water as an example. Attempts were made to find out the state of local drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods. Facts on the city’s drinking water fountains were developed using a GPS created exclusively for the research. Demographic data on race and income was then assembled using the US Census database. By cross-referencing the water fountain sites with the demographic data, they were able to ascertain whether access to functioning fountains was class dependent. The study was able to determine the demographics of areas with water fountains, also noting whether the condition of the fountains was greater or inferior in lower class neighborhoods. Some of the water fountains were dirty or plugged, regardless of the fact that the majority of fountains worked.