Original Water Supply Solutions in Rome
Original Water Supply Solutions in Rome Prior to 273, when the first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was established in Rome, residents who resided on hills had to travel further down to gather their water from natural sources. When aqueducts or springs weren’t available, people living at greater elevations turned to water pulled from underground or rainwater, which was made available by wells and cisterns. Beginning in the sixteenth century, a newer method was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean portions to deliver water to Pincian Hill. The aqueduct’s channel was made reachable by pozzi, or manholes, that were situated along its length when it was initially engineered. Although they were originally planned to make it possible to service the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started using the manholes to get water from the channel, opening when he obtained the property in 1543. He didn’t get enough water from the cistern that he had built on his property to collect rainwater. Fortunately, the aqueduct sat just below his residence, and he had a shaft opened to give him access.
Sculpture As a Staple of Classic Art in Historic Greece
Sculpture As a Staple of Classic Art in Historic Greece The Archaic Greeks developed the first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Kouros figures, sculptures of adolescent, good-looking male or female (kore) Greeks, made up the majority of the statues. Symbolizing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were crafted to appear rigid and always had foot in front; the males were healthy, sturdy, and naked.
The kouroi became life-sized starting in 650 BC. The Archaic period was tumultuous for the Greeks as they evolved into more polished forms of government and art, and obtained more data about the peoples and societies outside of Greece. The Arcadian battles, the Spartan invasion of Samos, and other wars between city-states are instances of the sorts of clashes that arose frequently, which is consistent with other times of historical change.
The Distribution of Garden Water Fountains Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe
The Distribution of Garden Water Fountains Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe Contributing to the advancement of scientific technology were the published papers and illustrated publications of the time. They were also the principal means of transmitting practical hydraulic ideas and water fountain design ideas all through Europe. An internationally renowned leader in hydraulics in the later part of the 1500's was a French fountain designer, whose name has been lost to history. His competence in developing gardens and grottoes with built-in and ingenious water attributes began in Italy and with mandates in Brussels, London and Germany. He penned a publication entitled “The Principles of Moving Forces” toward the end of his life while in France that came to be the essential book on hydraulic technology and engineering. Replacing key hydraulic discoveries of classical antiquity, the publication also details contemporary hydraulic technologies. Prominent among these works were those of Archimedes, the developer of the water screw, a mechanical means of moving water. Sunlight heating up liquid in a couple of vessels hidden in a room next to an decorative water feature was shown in one illustration. What occurs is the hot liquid expanded, rises and locks up the conduits leading to the fountain, consequently leading to activation. Yard ponds as well as pumps, water wheels, and water feature concepts are included in the book.California's Outdoor Fountains Analysis and Results
California's Outdoor Fountains Analysis and Results The very first American city to pass a tax on high calorie drinks was Berkley, California in February 2014. The aim is to get men and women drinking more water and other natural beverages by elevating the price of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. First, the city conducted research to examine whether residents had easy access to functioning drinking water fountains. Important information on the city’s drinking water fountains were pulled together using a GPS created exclusively for the research. Demographic data on race and income was then assembled using the US Census database. The 2 data sets were compared to ascertain what class differences, if any, there were in access to functioning water fountains. Each water fountain and the demographics of its surrounding area were analyzed to reveal whether the site of the fountains or their standard of maintenance revealed any relationship to income, race, or other points. The fact that the fountains were operating was not a guarantee that they were well-maintained, given that quite a few were in need of cleaning and repair.
The Origins of Contemporary Outdoor Wall Fountains
The Origins of Contemporary Outdoor Wall Fountains
Hundreds of classic Greek documents were translated into Latin under the auspices of the scholarly Pope Nicholas V, who led the Roman Catholic Church from 1397 to 1455. Beautifying Rome and making it the worthy capital of the Christian world was at the center of his ambitions. In 1453 the Pope instigated the repairing of the Aqua Vergine, an ancient Roman aqueduct which had carried clean drinking water into the city from eight miles away. Building a mostra, a grandiose commemorative fountain built by ancient Romans to memorialize the entry point of an aqueduct, was a custom revived by Nicholas V. The present-day location of the Trevi Fountain was once occupied by a wall fountain commissioned by the Pope and constructed by the architect Leon Battista Alberti. The Trevi Fountain as well as the renowned baroque fountains located in the Piazza del Popolo and the Piazza Navona were eventually supplied with water from the modified aqueduct he had reconstructed.
Outdoor Wall Fountains: The Many Designs on the Market
Outdoor Wall Fountains: The Many Designs on the Market You can design a place to relax as well as add a touch of style to your porch or yard with a wall fountain since they are great adornments to fit into small space. The multitude of designs in outdoor wall fountains, including traditional, classic, contemporary, or Asian, means that you can find the one suitable to your tastes.
Your tastes dictate the type you buy so while there may not be a prefabricated fountain to suit you, you do have the option of having a custom made one. Depending on your requirements, you can select from mounted or freestanding models. Small, self-contained versions can be placed on a wall are known as mounted wall fountains. One of the most important aspects of wall fountains is that they be lightweight, so they are typically made of fiberglass or resin to mirror the look of stone. In large stand-alone fountains, otherwise known as wall fountains, the basin is situated on the ground with the smooth side positioned against a wall. Generally made of cast stone, this type of water feature is not restricted in weight.
Custom-made fountains which can be incorporated into a new or existing wall are often recommended by landscaping designers. A professional mason is required to install the water basin against the wall and correctly install all the plumbing inside or behind the wall. A fountain mask or a spout also needs to be integrated into the wall. A tailor-made wall fountain blends into the landscape instead of standing out because it was a later addition, which adds to a unified look.