Public Drinking Fountains in and Around Berkley, California
Public Drinking Fountains in and Around Berkley, California The very first American city to implement a tax on high calorie drinks was Berkley, California in February 2014. The taxation is believed to reduce sugary drink intake and enhance the consumption of healthier beverages, including water from fountains. Efforts were made to find out the condition of local drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods. Information on the city’s drinking water fountains were pulled together using a GPS created exclusively for the research. Specialists then used US Census data to find out more about the economic and racial factors that affected the city. The experts sought to use both data sets to figure out if demographics were linked to drinking water fountain access. Each water fountain and the demographics of its bordering area were studied to reveal whether the site of the fountains or their level of maintenance demonstrated any correlation to income, race, or other points. Many of the water fountains were not clean or blocked, in spite of the fact that a lot of fountains worked.Early Water Delivery Solutions in The City Of Rome
Early Water Delivery Solutions in The City Of Rome Rome’s first raised aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; prior to that, residents residing at higher elevations had to rely on natural streams for their water. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the only techniques around at the time to supply water to spots of high elevation. Starting in the sixteenth century, a unique approach was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean sectors to deliver water to Pincian Hill. During its initial construction, pozzi (or manholes) were situated at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. While these manholes were provided to make it less difficult to sustain the aqueduct, it was also feasible to use buckets to remove water from the channel, which was exercised by Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi from the time he acquired the property in 1543 to his passing in 1552. Whilst the cardinal also had a cistern to collect rainwater, it couldn't provide sufficient water. Fortunately, the aqueduct sat just below his residence, and he had a shaft established to give him access.
Back Story of Landscape Fountains
Back Story of Landscape Fountains The translation of hundreds of ancient Greek documents into Latin was commissioned by the learned Pope Nicholas V who ruled the Church in Rome from 1397 till 1455. It was important for him to beautify the city of Rome to make it worthy of being known as the capital of the Christian world. At the bidding of the Pope, the Aqua Vergine, a damaged aqueduct which had transported clean drinking water into Rome from eight miles away, was restored starting in 1453. The ancient Roman custom of marking the entry point of an aqueduct with an imposing celebratory fountain, also known as a mostra, was restored by Nicholas V. The architect Leon Battista Alberti was commissioned by the Pope to put up a wall fountain where we now find the Trevi Fountain. The Trevi Fountain as well as the renowned baroque fountains located in the Piazza del Popolo and the Piazza Navona were eventually supplied with water from the altered aqueduct he had rebuilt.Where did Landscape Fountains Begin?
Where did Landscape Fountains Begin? A water fountain is an architectural piece that pours water into a basin or jets it high into the air in order to supply drinkable water, as well as for decorative purposes.From the onset, outdoor fountains were soley there to serve as functional elements. Cities, towns and villages made use of nearby aqueducts or springs to provide them with potable water as well as water where they could bathe or wash. Until the late 19th, century most water fountains operated using the force of gravity to allow water to flow or jet into the air, therefore, they needed a source of water such as a reservoir or aqueduct located higher than the fountain. Fountains were not only utilized as a water source for drinking water, but also to decorate homes and celebrate the designer who created it. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often times used by Romans to beautify their fountains. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden designers included fountains in their designs to mimic the gardens of paradise. To show his dominance over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. Seventeen and 18 century Popes sought to exalt their positions by adding beautiful baroque-style fountains at the point where restored Roman aqueducts arrived into the city.
Since indoor plumbing became the standard of the day for fresh, drinking water, by the end of the 19th century urban fountains were no longer needed for this purpose and they became purely ornamental. Amazing water effects and recycled water were made possible by replacing the force of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Modern-day fountains function mostly as decoration for community spaces, to honor individuals or events, and enhance entertainment and recreational events.
Early Crete & The Minoans: Outdoor Fountains
Early Crete & The Minoans: Outdoor Fountains
Fountains and Water and the Minoan Civilization They not solely aided with the water supply, they removed rainwater and wastewater as well. They were for the most part constructed from clay or stone. There were clay pipelines, both round and rectangular as well as waterways made from the same materials. There are two illustrations of Minoan clay piping, those with a shortened cone shape and a U-shape that haven’t been seen in any civilization ever since. The water availability at Knossos Palace was maintained with a strategy of clay pipes that was positioned underneath the floor, at depths ranging from a couple of centimeters to a number of meters. These Minoan conduits were additionally utilized for collecting and stocking water, not just circulation. Therefore, these pipelines had to be ready to: Underground Water Transportation: the obscure process for water movement could possibly have been used to supply water to specified men and women or functions. Quality Water Transportation: Some scholars consider that these water lines were used to build a different distribution technique for the residence.