Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at the Time of the Norman Conquest The Anglo-Saxon way of life was dramatically changed by the appearance of the Normans in the later eleventh century. Engineering and horticulture were abilities that the Normans excelled in, trumping that of the Anglo-Saxons at the time of the occupation. But before centering on home-life or having the occasion to think about domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire population.
Castles were more standard designs and often constructed on blustery hills, where their tenants spent both time and space to exercising offense and defense, while monasteries were considerable stone buildings, regularly positioned in the widest, most fertile hollows. Gardening, a peaceful occupation, was unfeasible in these fruitless fortifications. Berkeley Castle is perhaps the most intact model in existence nowadays of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture. It is said that the keep was introduced during William the Conqueror's time. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an impediment to attackers trying to excavate under the castle walls. On 1 of these terraces sits a stylish bowling green: it's covered in grass and flanked by an old yew hedge that is created into the shape of rough ramparts.
The First Outdoor Water Features
The First Outdoor Water Features As originally conceived, water fountains were designed to be practical, guiding water from creeks or reservoirs to the inhabitants of cities and villages, where the water could be utilized for cooking food, cleaning, and drinking. In the days before electricity, the spray of fountains was powered by gravity only, commonly using an aqueduct or water resource located far away in the surrounding hills. The appeal and spectacle of fountains make them perfect for historic monuments. If you saw the very first fountains, you probably would not recognize them as fountains. The 1st known water fountain was a stone basin created that was used as a receptacle for drinking water and ceremonial functions. The oldest stone basins are presumed to be from around 2000 B.C.. The first fountains put to use in ancient civilizations relied on gravity to manipulate the flow of water through the fountain. The placement of the fountains was determined by the water source, which is why you’ll usually find them along reservoirs, waterways, or rivers. Fountains with decorative Gods, mythological beasts, and creatures began to show up in Rome in about 6 B.C., built from stone and bronze. The remarkable aqueducts of Rome provided water to the incredible public fountains, most of which you can visit today.The Dissemination of Water Fountain Design Technology
The Dissemination of Water Fountain Design Technology Throughout Europe, the primary means of spreading useful hydraulic information and fountain design ideas were the circulated pamphlets and illustrated publications of the time, which added to the advancement of scientific innovation. An un-named French water feature developer was an internationally celebrated hydraulic pioneer in the later part of the 1500's. His experience in designing gardens and grottoes with built-in and imaginative water fountains began in Italy and with commissions in Brussels, London and Germany.
In France, near the end of his life, he wrote “The Principle of Moving Forces”, a book that became the essential text on hydraulic technology and engineering. Modernizing principal hydraulic breakthroughs of classical antiquity, the book also details contemporary hydraulic technologies. Archimedes, the creator of the water screw, had his work featured and these integrated a mechanized way to move water. Natural light heated the water in two undetectable containers adjacent to the ornamental water feature were shown in an illustration. Actuating the fountain is hot liquid that expands and ascends to close up the conduits. Concepts for pumps, water wheels, water features and garden ponds are also included in the guide.
The Vast Array of Exterior Water Features
The Vast Array of Exterior Water Features Have you ever considered turning your garden into a haven of tranquility? Add a feeling of peace to your garden with an outdoor fountain and avail yourself of all the positive benefits of a water feature.A eye-catching impact is produced when a spouting fountain sends a shooting stream of water up into the air.
Sizable, existing ponds can easily be fitted with one of these. You may have encountered one of these in a recreation area or an old estate.
One of the many examples of an outdoor water feature is a classy wall fountain. If you are keen on include a water feature, but are concerned because you have a small yard, do not hesitate to install one of these. While spouting fountains leave behind an impressive effect, wall fountains are rather understated water features. In this straightforward process, water is ejected from a little spout, goes down a beautifully textured wall, before being received at the bottom and returned to the top once again.
Putting in a fountain with a motif depends totally on the layout of your garden. If your bungalow or garden is styled in a rustic manner, you should think about adding a traditional type of statue, such as a seraph holding the spout, to your fountain. think about including something bolder and unique for a contemporary garden. Deciding what to do is completely in your hands.
The main trait of tiered fountains is the numerous levels spewing out water. Water flowing down multiple tiers of this water feature is the main characteristic of a cascading fountain.
Due to the fact that outdoor fountains can take up a lot of room, put up a wall fountain or a pondless fountain if the space you have is minimal. These types of water features are suitable for an area with limited space because their reservoirs are hidden underground.
Include a Japanese fountain if you are looking for a sense of peace. Bamboo sticks are utilized in this type of fountain to expel the water. The repetition of water streaming into a bucket or shaped stone is one of the main characteristics of this type of fountain.
Fountains composed of glass are another type on the market. Featuring shaped metalwork, trellis-style fountains of this kind have a more traditional aspect. Water features such as these are ideal for gardens with many sharp corners as well as modern-day forms and designs. The flowing water produces a striking effect as it moves down the glass sheets. In some cases, the water is colored by LED lights as it flows down the glass panels. The jagged surface of rock waterfall fountain makes for an interesting façade as the water gently trickles downwards.
Bubbling rock fountains are big stones drilled with holes which are then filled with tubes in the center. The bubbling and gurgling at the topmost part of this type of fountain are caused by the water being pushed upward at low pressure. Flowing towards the base of the fountain, the water comes back as a slow dribble down the sides of the rock. Little gardens are perfect for this type of fountain. The low pressure used in this sort of fountain prevents water from being spattered about in case of a windy day.
Solar fountains have recently gained in popularity because they are powered by sunlight. There are numerous reasons for this newly found appeal such as the absence of cables, less difficulty in running them, a reduction in electricity bills, and the advantages to the environment. The wide-ranging designs in outdoor solar-powered fountains signifies you will not have to compromise on style.
How Much Do Animals Enjoy Fountains
How Much Do Animals Enjoy Fountains Be sure to take your pet into consideration when you are planning on putting in a water feature. A pet dog or cat could think that a stand-alone fountain is a big pool or a drinking pond. Consider installing a water element in your backyard since it is a feature that will affect your treasured pets positively. You may need to consider where you will locate the fountain as birds may take it as a bathing pond. Install a birdbath if your aim is to draw birds to your property. Wall water fountains are excellent for indoor use as well if you want to sidestep these issues.
Exclusive mansions, in addition to dentist’ and doctors’ offices, often have such fountains on display.
Modern Water Fountains And Public Health
Modern Water Fountains And Public Health In February 2014, a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages was passed in Berkley, CA, making it the first city in the United States to submit such a law. The goal is to get people drinking more water and other natural drinks by elevating the price tag of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. Research was conducted to find out the reputation of local drinking water fountains and whether people from other racial or economical backgrounds had less access to them. Facts on the city’s drinking water fountains were assembled using a GPS created exclusively for the research. Investigators then used US Census data to find out even more about the economic and racial factors that impacted the city. Comparisons were made between the location and demographic data, exposing whether class differences affected access to clean, functional water fountains. Each water fountain and the demographics of its nearby area were studied to reveal whether the site of the fountains or their standard of maintenance revealed any link to income, race, or other points. The fact that the fountains were operating was not a guarantee that they were well-maintained, considering quite a few were in need of maintenance and repair.