Modern Garden Decor: Large Outdoor Water Fountains and their Beginnings
Modern Garden Decor: Large Outdoor Water Fountains and their Beginnings A water fountain is an architectural piece that pours water into a basin or jets it high into the air in order to supply drinkable water, as well as for decorative purposes.The central purpose of a fountain was originally strictly functional. People in cities, towns and villages received their drinking water, as well as water to bathe and wash, via aqueducts or springs nearby. Until the late nineteenth, century most water fountains functioned using the force of gravity to allow water to flow or jet into the air, therefore, they needed a supply of water such as a reservoir or aqueduct located higher than the fountain.
Fountains were not only used as a water source for drinking water, but also to adorn homes and celebrate the designer who created it. Bronze or stone masks of wildlife and heroes were commonly seen on Roman fountains. To illustrate the gardens of paradise, Muslim and Moorish garden planners of the Middle Ages introduced fountains to their designs. To demonstrate his dominance over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries manufactured baroque decorative fountains to glorify the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the spot where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
Urban fountains created at the end of the 19th century served only as decorative and celebratory ornaments since indoor plumbing provided the necessary drinking water. Fountains using mechanical pumps instead of gravity helped fountains to provide recycled water into living spaces as well as create special water effects.
Modern-day fountains function mostly as decoration for public spaces, to honor individuals or events, and compliment entertainment and recreational gatherings.
Outdoor Fountains And Public Policy
Outdoor Fountains And Public Policy The 1st US city to implement a tax on sugary drinks was Berkley, California in February 2014. The tax is believed to lessen sugary drink intake and improve the consumption of healthier drinks, including water from fountains. Attempts were made to find out the condition of local drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods. By creating a mobile GPS application, analysts were able to amass data on Berkley’s drinking water fountains. The US Census Community Study database was chosen to compile information pertaining to race and economic status in these segments. The 2 data sets were compared to identify what class differences, if any, there were in access to running water fountains.
Each water fountain and the demographics of its neighboring area were examined to reveal whether the location of the fountains or their standard of maintenance demonstrated any relationship to income, race, or other factors. While the greater part of the fountains were in working order, an alarming number were discovered to be in a bad state of repairs.
The Original Water Fountain Designers
The Original Water Fountain Designers
Multi-talented individuals, fountain artists from the 16th to the late 18th century often served as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and cultivated scholars all in one. Exemplifying the Renaissance skilled artist as a creative legend, Leonardo da Vinci worked as an inventor and scientific specialist. He carefully reported his examinations in his now celebrated notebooks about his studies into the forces of nature and the properties and mobility of water. Coupling inventiveness with hydraulic and landscaping expertise, early Italian fountain developers changed private villa settings into brilliant water exhibits filled with symbolic implications and natural beauty. The brilliance in Tivoli were created by the humanist Pirro Ligorio, who was renowned for his capabilities in archeology, engineering and garden design. Well versed in humanistic themes and classical scientific readings, other water fountain creators were masterminding the phenomenal water marbles, water features and water jokes for the various estates around Florence.
Early Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome
Early Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct built in Rome, began providing the people living in the hills with water in 273 BC, although they had relied on natural springs up until then. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the lone technological innovations obtainable at the time to supply water to areas of higher elevation.
Starting in the sixteenth century, a unique program was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean portions to generate water to Pincian Hill. Pozzi, or manholes, were engineered at standard stretches along the aqueduct’s channel. Though they were originally planned to make it possible to service the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi began using the manholes to gather water from the channel, starting when he bought the property in 1543. It seems that, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t adequate to fulfill his needs. To give himself with a much more effective system to obtain water, he had one of the manholes exposed, giving him access to the aqueduct below his property.
The Influence of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design
The Influence of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design The Anglo-Saxon way of life was drastically changed by the introduction of the Normans in the later eleventh century. The Normans were better than the Anglo-Saxons at architecture and horticulture when they came into power. But home life, household architecture, and decoration were out of the question until the Normans taken over the rest of the populace. Monasteries and castles served separate purposes, so while monasteries were large stone structures built in only the most fruitful, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the residents focused on understanding offensive and defensive practices. The barren fortresses did not provide for the peaceful avocation of farming. Berkeley Castle is most likely the most intact model in existence today of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture. It is said that the keep was introduced during William the Conqueror's time.
A big terrace meant for strolling and as a means to stop enemies from mining under the walls runs about the building. On one of these parapets is a scenic bowling green covered in grass and surrounded by an aged hedge of yew that has been designed into coarse battlements.
The Function of Hydrostatics In The Design Of Garden Fountains
The Function of Hydrostatics In The Design Of Garden Fountains From its housing vessel to other materials it comes in contact with, liquid in equilibrium exerts force on every single thing it meets. The force used falls into one of two categories: external force or hydrostatic energy.
When used against a level surface, the liquid exercises equal force against all points of that surface. When an object is thoroughly immersed in a liquid, vertical force is applied to the object at every point. These vertical forces are buoyancy, and the concept on its own is more fully defined by Archimedes’principle. Generally, hydrostatic pressure on a point of liquid is a product of the hydrostatic force applied on it. These principles are applied to the containers used by plumbing, wells, and fountains.
Use a Fountain To Help Improve Air Quality
Use a Fountain To Help Improve Air Quality You can liven up your environment by setting up an indoor wall fountain. Installing this sort of indoor feature positively affects your senses and your general health. If you doubt the benefits of water fountains, just look at the science supporting this theory.
The negative ions produced by water features are countered by the positive ions released by present-day conveniences. Indisputable positive improvements in mental and physical health emerge when negative ions overpower positive ions. You can become more alert, calm and lively due to an boost in the serotonin levels resulting from these types of features. Indoor wall fountains {generate negative ions which serve to elevate your mood and eliminate air pollutants. In order to rid yourself of allergies, impurities in the air and other annoyances, ensure you install one of these. Finally, these fountains absorb dust particles and micro-organisms in the air thereby influencing your general health for the better.