California's Water Fountain Research and Results
California's Water Fountain Research and Results The first US city to implement a tax on sweet drinks was Berkley, California in February 2014. The objective is to get individuals drinking more water and other natural beverages by increasing the price of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. Research was executed to find out the status of local drinking water fountains and whether individuals from other racial or economical backgrounds had reduced access to them. By developing a mobile GPS application, specialists were able to amass data on Berkley’s drinking water fountains. Investigators then used US Census data to find out even more about the economic and racial issues that affected the city. The analysts sought to use both data sets to figure out if demographics were interconnected to drinking water fountain access. The research was able to pinpoint the demographics of areas with water fountains, also observing whether the condition of the fountains was greater or inferior in lower class neighborhoods. Many of the water fountains were unclean or blocked, despite the fact that a lot of fountains worked.
Modern Garden Decor: Outdoor Fountains and their Roots
Modern Garden Decor: Outdoor Fountains and their Roots A fountain, an amazing piece of engineering, not only supplies drinking water as it pours into a basin, it can also launch water high into the air for an extraordinary effect.From the onset, outdoor fountains were soley meant to serve as functional elements. Cities, towns and villages made use of nearby aqueducts or springs to provide them with drinking water as well as water where they could bathe or wash.
Used until the nineteenth century, in order for fountains to flow or shoot up into the air, their source of water such as reservoirs or aqueducts, had to be higher than the water fountain in order to benefit from gravity. Artists thought of fountains as amazing additions to a living space, however, the fountains also served to provide clean water and celebrate the artist responsible for building it. The main materials used by the Romans to build their fountains were bronze or stone masks, mostly depicting animals or heroes. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden planners incorporated fountains to create smaller variations of the gardens of paradise. The fountains seen in the Gardens of Versailles were intended to show the power over nature held by King Louis XIV of France. Seventeen and 18 century Popes sought to laud their positions by adding decorative baroque-style fountains at the point where restored Roman aqueducts arrived into the city.
Since indoor plumbing became the standard of the day for clean, drinking water, by the end of the 19th century urban fountains were no longer needed for this purpose and they became purely ornamental. Amazing water effects and recycled water were made possible by switching the force of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Nowadays, fountains decorate public areas and are used to recognize individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.
Wall Water Fountains: An Awesome Display
Wall Water Fountains: An Awesome Display Make a fantastic impression on your loved ones by including a wall fountain in your home decor.
In addition to the soothing background sounds a wall water feature adds to any living space, it also imparts elegance. In order to leave a lasting memory on your visitors, share the beauty and soft sounds of your water feature with them. A wall fountain can add a great deal of beauty, even to today's living areas. Also available in modern materials such as stainless steel or glass, they can add flair to your interior design. Is the floor space in your house or workplace scarce? A wall water fountain might be the best solution for you. Since they are mounted on a wall you can save your invaluable real estate for something else. Commercial buildings with busy lobbies generally have one of these fountains. Wall fountains are not limited to indoor use, however. Fiberglass or resin wall water features can be installed outside. Gardens, terraces, or other outdoor spaces needing a stylish touch should include a water fountain made of one of these weather-proof materials.
Wall fountains can be found in a range of unique styles, ranging from ultra-sleek to traditional and rustic. The type most suitable for your living space depends entirely on your personal decoration ideas. A mountain lodge might require a classic material such as slate whereas a high rise apartment might need sleek glass to liven up the interior space. Your individual design plans determine the material you select. No doubt however, fountains are sure to add to your quality of life and impress your visitors.
The Various Construction Materials of Large Outdoor Fountains
The Various Construction Materials of Large Outdoor Fountains Garden fountains these days are typically made from metal, though you can find them in other materials too. Metallic models offer clean lines and unique sculptural accents and will fit in with nearly any decorative style and budget.
Your outdoor design should complement the style of your residence. One of the most common metals for sculptural garden fountains presently is copper. Copper is used in cascade and tabletop water fountains as well as various other styles, making it versatile enough for inside and outside fountains. Copper fountains also come in a huge array of designs - from fun and eccentric to modern and cutting-edge.
Also common, brass fountains typically have a more old-fashioned appearance to them versus their copper counterpart. Brass fountains are frequently designed with unique artwork, so they are popular even if they are a bit conventional.
The most contemporary metal right now is definitely stainless steel. If you select a cutting-edge steel design, both the value and tranquility of your garden will get a nice boost. As with all fountains, you can get any size you need.
For people who want the visual appeal of a metal fountain but desire a lighter weight and more affordable option, fiberglass is the answer. The cleaning of fiberglass water fountains is quite simple, so they have many merits that people appreciate.
The History of Outdoor Fountains
The History of Outdoor Fountains Pope Nicholas V, himself a well educated man, reigned the Roman Catholic Church from 1397 to 1455 during which time he commissioned many translations of old classical Greek documents into Latin. In order to make Rome deserving of being the capital of the Christian world, the Pope decided to embellish the beauty of the city. Beginning in 1453, the ruined ancient Roman aqueduct known as the Aqua Vergine which had brought fresh drinking water into the city from eight miles away, underwent restoration at the behest of the Pope. The historical Roman tradition of marking the entry point of an aqueduct with an imposing celebratory fountain, also known as a mostra, was restored by Nicholas V.
The Trevi Fountain now occupies the area formerly filled with a wall fountain crafted by Leon Battista Albert, an architect employed by the Pope. The water which eventually provided the Trevi Fountain as well as the renown baroque fountains in the Piazza del Popolo and Piazza Navona flowed from the modified aqueduct which he had renovated.
Original Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome
Original Water Delivery Techniques in The City Of Rome Rome’s very first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; before that, residents residing at higher elevations had to depend on natural creeks for their water. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the only techniques around at the time to supply water to segments of high elevation. In the early sixteenth century, the city began to utilize the water that flowed beneath the earth through Acqua Vergine to furnish drinking water to Pincian Hill. As originally constructed, the aqueduct was provided along the length of its channel with pozzi (manholes) constructed at regular intervals. Even though they were originally manufactured to make it possible to service the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi began using the manholes to gather water from the channel, opening when he obtained the property in 1543. He didn’t get sufficient water from the cistern that he had established on his residential property to gather rainwater. Fortunately, the aqueduct sat just below his residence, and he had a shaft established to give him accessibility.Fountains And Their Use In Minoa
Fountains And Their Use In Minoa During archaeological digs on the island of Crete, various varieties of channels have been detected. In combination with providing water, they spread out water which accumulated from storms or waste material. Rock and terracotta were the substances of choice for these channels. There were clay pipelines, both round and rectangular as well as canals made from the same components. Amidst these were clay pipes which were U shaped or a shortened, cone-like shape which have exclusively showed up in Minoan civilization. Knossos Palace had a state-of-the-art plumbing system made of clay conduits which ran up to three meters below ground. The clay water lines were additionally made use of for amassing and saving water. Therefore, these pipes had to be ready to:
Below ground Water Transportation: This system’s undetectable nature may mean that it was originally developed for some sort of ritual or to distribute water to restricted communities. Quality Water Transportation: There’s also evidence that concludes the pipelines being employed to feed water fountains separately from the local scheme.