California's Garden Water Fountains Study and Results
California's Garden Water Fountains Study and Results
Berkley, CA residents voted for a sugar-sweetened beverages tax in February 2014, the earliest of its kind in the United States. The purpose is to have men and women drinking more water and other natural beverages by increasing the price tag of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. Research was done to ensure that individuals of all races and economic classes had access to clean, operating drinking fountains. The research utilized a GPS app to compile data on current water fountains in the city. Demographic data on race and income was then assembled using the US Census database. Evaluations were made between the location and demographic data, disclosing whether class differences affected access to clean, working water fountains. The surrounding demographics of each water fountain location was made note of, while also determining whether race or income levels made a difference in the state of repair of each fountain. The fact that the fountains were working was not a guarantee that they were well-maintained, since quite a few were in need of maintenance and repair.
A Chronicle of Outdoor Water Fountains
A Chronicle of Outdoor Water Fountains Hundreds of ancient Greek texts were translated into Latin under the auspices of the scholarly Pope Nicholas V, who ruled the Roman Catholic Church from 1397 to 1455.
Beautifying Rome and making it the worthy capital of the Christian world was at the heart of his ambitions. At the behest of the Pope, the Aqua Vergine, a damaged aqueduct which had transported clean drinking water into Rome from eight miles away, was restored starting in 1453. The ancient Roman custom of building an imposing commemorative fountain at the point where an aqueduct arrived, also known as a mostra, was resurrected by Nicholas V. The Trevi Fountain now occupies the space previously filled with a wall fountain crafted by Leon Battista Albert, an architect commissioned by the Pope. The Trevi Fountain as well as the well-known baroque fountains located in the Piazza del Popolo and the Piazza Navona were eventually supplied with water from the altered aqueduct he had reconstructed.
Rome’s Early Water Delivery Solutions
Rome’s Early Water Delivery Solutions With the building of the 1st elevated aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Anio Vetus in 273 BC, individuals who lived on the city’s hillsides no longer had to depend exclusively on naturally-occurring spring water for their needs. Throughout this time period, there were only 2 other innovations capable of supplying water to high areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which amassed rainwater. In the very early 16th century, the city began to use the water that flowed beneath the earth through Acqua Vergine to furnish drinking water to Pincian Hill. Pozzi, or manholes, were made at regular stretches along the aqueduct’s channel.
While these manholes were developed to make it easier to sustain the aqueduct, it was also possible to use containers to remove water from the channel, which was employed by Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi from the time he bought the property in 1543 to his passing in 1552. He didn’t get a sufficient quantity of water from the cistern that he had established on his property to obtain rainwater. Via an opening to the aqueduct that flowed underneath his property, he was in a position to suit his water wants.
The Benefits of Solar Garden Fountains
The Benefits of Solar Garden Fountains Your garden wall fountain can be powered by numerous power sources.
Older fountains have traditionally been powered by electricity, but due to a greater interest in eco-friendly fountains, solar power is used in new models. Solar energy is a great way to run your water fountain, just be aware that initial expenses will most likely be higher. Terra cotta, copper, porcelain, or bronze are the most prevalent materials used to build solar powered water fountains. If you are looking for one which compliments your home furnishings, the assortment available on the market makes this possible. Easy to upkeep and an excellent way to make a substantial contribution to the eco-system, they make wonderful additions to your garden sanctuary as well. If you are searching for something visually pleasing as well as a way to maintain your house cool, indoor wall fountains are an excellent addition. Yet another option to air conditioners and swamp coolers, they utilize the very same principles to cool your living space You can lower your power bill since they consume less electricity.
Fanning fresh, dry air across them is the most frequent way used to benefit from their cooling effect. You can either take advantage of air from a corner of your home or turn on your ceiling fan to better the circulation in the room Regardless of the method you use, ensure the air is flowing over the top of the water in a regular manner. Cool, fresh air is one of the natural byproducts of fountains and waterfalls. The sudden chill we feel is normal when we come near a large public fountain or a waterfall. Be certain to position your fountain cooling system where it will not be exposed to extra heat. Your cooling system will be less reliable if it is placed in direct sunlight.
The Genesis Of Garden Fountains
The Genesis Of Garden Fountains The incredible architecture of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to complete your home. From the onset, outdoor fountains were soley there to serve as functional elements. Inhabitants of cities, townships and small towns utilized them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash up, which meant that fountains had to be connected to nearby aqueduct or spring. Until the late nineteenth, century most water fountains functioned using the force of gravity to allow water to flow or jet into the air, therefore, they needed a supply of water such as a reservoir or aqueduct located higher than the fountain. Fountains were an optimal source of water, and also served to adorn living areas and celebrate the designer. The main components used by the Romans to create their fountains were bronze or stone masks, mostly illustrating animals or heroes. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden designers included fountains in their designs to re-create the gardens of paradise. Fountains played a considerable role in the Gardens of Versailles, all part of French King Louis XIV’s desire to exert his power over nature. To mark the entrance of the restored Roman aqueducts, the Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries commissioned the building of baroque style fountains in the spot where the aqueducts arrived in the city of Rome
The end of the 19th century saw the rise in usage of indoor plumbing to supply drinking water, so urban fountains were relegated to strictly decorative elements. Impressive water effects and recycled water were made possible by switching the force of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Contemporary fountains are used to adorn community spaces, honor individuals or events, and enrich recreational and entertainment events.
The Understated Appeal of the Garden Wall Fountain
The Understated Appeal of the Garden Wall Fountain A wall fountain can be an important design element in your residence or workplace, enough so that it leaves a good impression on your family and friends alike.
Your wall water feature will not only add style to your living area but also provide relaxing background sounds. Visitors will walk away with a memorable impression of the appealing sights and relaxing sounds coming from it. Wall elements are an ideal alternative if the space you reside in is more modern in appearance. They can also add an element of elegance to your decor since they are also available in modern-day materials including glass and stainless steel. Is space limited in your home or business? The ideal choice for you is a wall water fountain. They take up no room since they are hung on a wall. Corporate buildings with busy lobbies oftentimes have one of these fountains. You can also put up wall fountains outdoors. Look into using fiberglass or resin for your outdoor wall water feature. Enliven your lawn, porch, or other outdoor space with a water fountain made of these waterproof materials.
Wall fountains come in a variety of differing styles covering the modern to the traditional and rustic. The type you pick for your space is dictated by personal design preferences. A mountain lodge might require a classic material such as slate whereas a high rise apartment might need sleek glass to liven up the interior space. Your personal decoration plans determine the material you select. Fountains are features which no doubt thrill folks who visit your home.
The Outcome of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping
The Outcome of the Norman Invasion on Anglo Saxon Landscaping The Anglo-Saxon way of life was considerably changed by the arrival of the Normans in the later eleventh century. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But before centering on home-life or having the occasion to consider domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire population. Most often designed upon windy peaks, castles were fundamental constructs that permitted their inhabitants to devote time and space to offensive and defensive programs, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings commonly added in only the most fecund, broad valleys.
Tranquil pursuits such as gardening were out of place in these desolate citadels. Berkeley Castle is possibly the most unchanged model in existence nowadays of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture. The keep is reported to have been developed during the time of William the Conqueror. As a method of deterring assailants from tunneling beneath the walls, an immense terrace surrounds the building. On one of these terraces sits a charming bowling green: it is covered in grass and flanked by an old yew hedge that is formed into the shape of rough ramparts.