California's Outdoor Garden Fountain Study and Results
California's Outdoor Garden Fountain Study and Results
In February 2014, a taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages was passed in Berkley, CA, making it the first city in the United States to submit such a regulation. By making soda more expensive, it’s hoped that individuals will make better choices for what their children drink, like water for instance. The aim of the research was to evaluate the state of community drinking water fountains and figure out if there is a distinction in access to fresh, operating drinking fountains based on racial or economic components. Through data collected by a mobile GPS app, researchers were able to identify the state of existing water fountains in Berkley. The US Census Community Study database was used to accumulate information relating to race and economic status in these areas. The two data sets were reviewed to figure out what class differences, if any, there were in access to working water fountains. They were in a position to uncover the demographics of segments surrounding active fountains, as well as the cleanliness and upkeep of fountains across assorted communities. Some of the water fountains were filthy or plugged, regardless of the fact that a lot of fountains worked.
Original Water Delivery Techniques in Rome
Original Water Delivery Techniques in Rome Rome’s 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; prior to that, people residing at higher elevations had to rely on local streams for their water. During this period, there were only two other techniques capable of providing water to higher areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which gathered rainwater. Starting in the sixteenth century, a newer strategy was introduced, using Acqua Vergine’s subterranean segments to deliver water to Pincian Hill. Throughout the time of its original construction, pozzi (or manholes) were added at set intervals along the aqueduct’s channel. Even though they were originally developed to make it possible to support the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started using the manholes to accumulate water from the channel, starting when he obtained the property in 1543. It seems that, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t sufficient to fulfill his needs. To provide himself with a more effective means to assemble water, he had one of the manholes exposed, giving him access to the aqueduct below his residence.Caring For Fountains
Caring For Fountains A vital first step before installing any outdoor wall feature is to analyze the room you have available. A strong wall is absolutely needed to hold up its total weight. So spaces or walls which are smaller in size will most likely require something light. In order to operate the fountain, an electrical socket will need to be close by. Since there are many kinds of outdoor wall fountains, installation techniques vary, however the majority include user-friendly instructions. Generally, when you purchase an outdoor wall fountain, it will come in an easy-to-use kit that will include all the information needed to install it properly. A submersible pump, hoses and basin, or reservoir, are included in the kit. The basin can normally be concealed among your garden plants if it is not too large. Other than the regular cleaning, little maintenance is required once your outdoor wall fountain is installed.
It is necessary to replenish the water consistently so that it stays clean. Leaves, branches or dirt are examples of rubbish which should be cleared away quickly. Make sure that your outdoor wall fountain is protected from bitterly cold winter temperatures. In order to avoid any damage, such as cracking, from freezing water during the cold winter season, move your pump inside. All in all, an outdoor wall fountain can last for any number of years with the right servicing and care.
Choose from Many Exterior Wall Fountain Styles
Choose from Many Exterior Wall Fountain Styles If you want to have a place to relax as well as add some pizzazz to a small area such as a patio or courtyard, wall fountains are ideal because they do not occupy much space. When looking at the many types of outdoor wall fountains available including traditional, vintage, modern, or Asian, you are certain to find one most suitable to your design ideas. Your preferences dictate the type you buy so while there may not be a prefabricated fountain to satisfy you, you do have the option of having a customized one. Depending on your wishes, you can choose from mounted or freestanding types. Little, self-contained mounted wall fountains can be installed on any surface. Normally made of resin (to resemble stone) or fiber glass, these sorts of fountains are lightweight and easy to hang. In large free-standing fountains, otherwise referred to as wall fountains, the basin is situated on the ground with the flat side positioned against a wall. Normally made of cast stone, these water features have no weight restrictions.
Custom-made fountains which can be incorporated into a new or existing wall are often recommended by landscaping designers. Placing the basin against the wall and installing all the plumbing work requires a expert mason to do it properly. It is also vital to add a spout or fountain mask to build it into the wall. The unified look produced by customized wall fountains make them appear to be part of the scenery rather than an afterthought.
The Outdoor Public Fountains
The Outdoor Public Fountains Water fountains were initially practical in purpose, used to deliver water from rivers or creeks to towns and villages, providing the residents with fresh water to drink, bathe, and cook with. A supply of water higher in elevation than the fountain was required to pressurize the flow and send water spraying from the fountain's nozzle, a system without equal until the late nineteenth century. Inspiring and impressive, big water fountains have been built as monuments in most cultures. The common fountains of modern times bear little likeness to the first water fountains. A stone basin, crafted from rock, was the very first fountain, used for holding water for drinking and religious functions. The oldest stone basins are suspected to be from around 2000 B.C.. The first fountains put to use in ancient civilizations depended on gravity to control the flow of water through the fountain. Situated near aqueducts or creeks, the practical public water fountains provided the local population with fresh drinking water. Fountains with ornamental Gods, mythological beasts, and creatures began to show up in Rome in about 6 B.C., made from rock and bronze.
The extraordinary aqueducts of Rome supplied water to the incredible public fountains, most of which you can go see today.
Outdoor Fountain Designers Through History
Outdoor Fountain Designers Through History Often serving as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and highly educated scholars all in one, from the 16th to the later part of the 18th century, fountain designers were multi-talented individuals, Exemplifying the Renaissance artist as a creative master, Leonardo da Vinci performed as an inventor and scientific specialist. He methodically recorded his ideas in his now famed notebooks, after his immense fascination in the forces of nature led him to examine the characteristics and movement of water. Remodeling private villa configurations into imaginative water displays packed with symbolic interpretation and natural beauty, early Italian fountain engineers combined imagination with hydraulic and gardening knowledge. The humanist Pirro Ligorio offered the vision behind the wonders in Tivoli and was renowned for his abilities in archeology, architecture and garden design. For the many properties close to Florence, other fountain creators were well versed in humanistic themes and ancient technical texts, masterminding the incredible water marbles, water attributes and water jokes.