California's Outdoor Fountain Analysis and Results
California's Outdoor Fountain Analysis and Results The first implementation of a sugary drinks tax in the US came in February 2014, when it was approved by the city of Berkley, California. The objective is to have people drinking more water and other natural drinks by increasing the price tag of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. Research was performed to find out the status of local drinking water fountains and whether individuals from different racial or economical backgrounds had reduced availability to them. Important information on the city’s drinking water fountains were pulled together using a GPS created exclusively for the research.
This information was cross-referenced with demographic data on race and income collected from the US Census Community Study database. Evaluations were made amongst the location and demographic data, uncovering whether class differences affected availability to clean, working water fountains. The neighboring demographics of every single water fountain location was made note of, while also determining whether race or income rates made a huge difference in the state of repair of each individual fountain. While the bulk of the fountains were in working order, an astonishing number were discovered to be in a poor state of repairs.
Anglo Saxon Landscapes During the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Landscapes During the Norman Conquest The introduction of the Normans in the second half of the 11th century greatly modified The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But the Normans had to pacify the whole territory before they could concentrate on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Monasteries and castles served separate purposes, so while monasteries were massive stone structures constructed in only the most productive, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the people focused on learning offensive and defensive tactics. Tranquil activities such as gardening were out of place in these destitute citadels. Berkeley Castle, perhaps the most pristine style of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture, still exists in the present day. It is said that the keep was developed during William the Conqueror's time.
A big terrace meant for strolling and as a means to stop attackers from mining below the walls runs around the building. A picturesque bowling green, enveloped in grass and surrounded by battlements cut out of an ancient yew hedge, creates one of the terraces.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini's Water Fountains
Gian Lorenzo Bernini's Water Fountains There are lots of famed Roman fountains in its city center. One of the most distinguished sculptors and artists of the 17th century, almost all of them were designed, conceived and constructed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Marks of his life's efforts are evident all through the streets of Rome because, in addition to his capabilities as a water feature designer, he was also a city builder. To fully express their art, mainly in the form of public water features and water features, Bernini's father, a distinguished Florentine sculptor, guided his young son, and they ultimately moved in Rome. An diligent worker, the young Bernini acquired compliments and patronage of various popes and influential designers. He was initially recognized for his sculpture.
Most notably in the Vatican, he utilized a base of knowledge in historical Greek architecture and melded it flawlessly with Roman marble. Though he was influenced by many, Michelangelo had the most serious effect on him, both personally and professionally.
The Original Water Fountain Artists
The Original Water Fountain Artists Multi-talented people, fountain artists from the 16th to the late 18th century often functioned as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and highly educated scholars all in one. Leonardo da Vinci as a creative intellect, inventor and scientific virtuoso exemplified this Renaissance creator.
With his immense fascination about the forces of nature, he investigated the qualities and movement of water and also carefully documented his examinations in his now much celebrated notebooks. Early Italian fountain engineers changed private villa settings into inventive water exhibits complete of symbolic meaning and natural charm by coupling creativity with hydraulic and gardening experience. The humanist Pirro Ligorio brought the vision behind the wonders in Tivoli and was renowned for his abilities in archeology, architecture and garden design. Masterminding the phenomenal water marbles, water attributes and water pranks for the assorted properties near Florence, some other water fountain designers were well versed in humanist themes as well as time-honored scientific texts.
The Many Designs of Water Wall Fountains
The Many Designs of Water Wall Fountains If you want to have a place to relax and add some pizzazz to a small area such as a patio or courtyard, wall fountains are perfect because they do not take up much space. When considering the many types of outdoor wall fountains available including traditional, antique, modern, or Asian, you are certain to find one best suited to your design ideas. If you are looking for a unique design, a custom-built one can be specially made to fit your specifications.There are two specific sorts of fountains you can buy: mounted and free-standing. You can install a mounted wall fountain because they are small and self-contained. Fountains of this kind need to be lightweight, therefore, they are typically fabricated from resin (resembling stone) or fiberglass. Large-sized free-standing wall fountains, commonly referred to as floor fountains, have their basins positioned on the floor and a flat side leaning on a wall. Water features such as these are usually manufactured of cast stone and have no weight limitations.
Customized fountains which can be integrated into a new or existing wall are often prescribed by landscaping designers.
Employing an expert mason is your best option to construct the basin and install the essential plumbing. A fountain mask or a spout also needs to be integrated into the wall. A custom-built wall fountain blends into the landscape instead of standing out because it was a later addition, which contributes to a unified appearance.
Keep Your Garden Fountain Clean
Keep Your Garden Fountain Clean In order to ensure that water fountains last a while, it is vital to practice regular maintenance. It is essential to clean it out and remove any debris or foreign objects that might have fallen into or onto it. Also, algae tends to build up anywhere natural light meets water. To prevent this, take vinegar, hydrogen peroxide, or sea salt and add right into the water. Bleach can also be dissolved into the water, however this is not an ideal option because it can harm birds or other animals.
An extensive cleaning every three-four months is ideal for garden fountains. Before you can start cleaning it you need to empty out all of the water. Then use a soft rag and mild cleanser to scrub the inside. A good tip is to use a toothbrush if there are tiny hard-to-reach spots. Make sure all the soap is completely rinsed off.
Calcium and fresh water organisms could get inside the pump, so you should really disassemble it to get it truly clean. You might want to let it soak in vinegar for a few hours to make it quicker to scrub. Mineral or rain water, versus tap water, is ideal in order to prevent any build-up of chemicals inside the pump.
And finally, make sure the water level is continuously full in order to keep your fountain working optimally. If the water level falls below the pump’s intake level, it can hurt the pump and cause it to burn out - something you do not want to happen!
The Minoan Culture: Fountains
The Minoan Culture: Fountains
Archaeological excavations in Minoan Crete in Greece have revealed several varieties of channels. They not only aided with the water sources, they extracted rainwater and wastewater as well. The primary ingredients used were stone or terracotta. Terracotta was employed for canals and conduits, both rectangular and circular. There are two illustrations of Minoan clay pipes, those with a shortened cone form and a U-shape that haven’t been seen in any civilization since. Knossos Palace had an sophisticated plumbing network made of clay piping which ran up to three meters below ground. The clay water pipes were also made use of for amassing and saving water. This called for the terracotta pipes to be capable of holding water without seepage. Underground Water Transportation: This particular system’s unseen nature may mean that it was primarily developed for some type of ritual or to circulate water to restricted groups. Quality Water Transportation: There is also information which suggests the pipes being employed to provide for fountains separately from the domestic process.