Early Crete & The Minoans: Water Features
Early Crete & The Minoans: Water Features During archaeological digs on the island of Crete, many varieties of channels have been discovered.
These delivered water and extracted it, including water from waste and storms. The principle components utilized were stone or terracotta. When manufactured from terracotta, they were commonly in the form of canals and spherical or rectangle-shaped pipes. The cone-like and U-shaped terracotta pipelines which were uncovered haven’t been spotted in any other culture. The water availability at Knossos Palace was managed with a system of terracotta piping that was put underneath the floor, at depths varying from a few centimeters to several meters. Along with dispersing water, the terracotta pipes of the Minoans were also used to accumulate water and store it. These clay pipelines were needed to perform: Below ground Water Transportation: At first this technique seems to have been designed not quite for convenience but to offer water to chosen people or rites without it being noticed. Quality Water Transportation: Many historians feel that these pipelines were employed to develop a different distribution technique for the palace.
Where did Large Outdoor Fountains Originate from?
Where did Large Outdoor Fountains Originate from? A fountain, an incredible piece of engineering, not only supplies drinking water as it pours into a basin, it can also launch water high into the air for an extraordinary effect.The main purpose of a fountain was originally strictly functional. Water fountains were linked to a spring or aqueduct to provide drinkable water as well as bathing water for cities, townships and villages.
Until the late 19th, century most water fountains operated using the force of gravity to allow water to flow or jet into the air, therefore, they needed a source of water such as a reservoir or aqueduct located higher than the fountain. Designers thought of fountains as amazing additions to a living space, however, the fountains also served to provide clean water and honor the artist responsible for creating it. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often times utilized by Romans to decorate their fountains. To depict the gardens of paradise, Muslim and Moorish garden planners of the Middle Ages added fountains to their designs. The fountains seen in the Gardens of Versailles were supposed to show the power over nature held by King Louis XIV of France. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries manufactured baroque decorative fountains to exalt the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the location where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
Indoor plumbing became the key source of water by the end of the 19th century thereby limiting urban fountains to mere decorative elements. Amazing water effects and recycled water were made possible by replacing the force of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Modern fountains are used to embellish public spaces, honor individuals or events, and enrich recreational and entertainment events.
California's Outdoor Garden Fountain Study and Results
California's Outdoor Garden Fountain Study and Results The first example of a soda tax in the US came in February 2014, when it was approved by the city of Berkley, California. The aim is to have men and women drinking more water and other natural beverages by increasing the price of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. The aim of the research was to evaluate the state of community drinking water fountains and figure out if there is a distinction in access to fresh, operating drinking fountains based on racial or economic components. By creating a mobile GPS application, analysts were able to get data on Berkley’s drinking water fountains. This information was cross-referenced with demographic data on race and income obtained from the US Census Community Study database. The analysts looked to use both data sets to figure out if demographics were interconnected to drinking water fountain access. The analysis was able to pinpoint the demographics of areas with water fountains, also noting whether the shape of the fountains was better or inferior in lower class neighborhoods. The tidiness of various fountains was found poor, even if most were working.
The Defining Characteristics of Classic Greek Statues
The Defining Characteristics of Classic Greek Statues The first freestanding statuary was improved by the Archaic Greeks, a recognized success since until then the sole carvings in existence were reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Kouros figures, sculptures of adolescent, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks, made up the greater part of the statues.
Considered by Greeks to represent skin care, the kouroi were created into inflexible, forward facing positions with one foot outstretched, and the male statues were usually nude, brawny, and fit. The kouroi became life-sized beginning in 650 BC. A massive age of improvement for the Greeks, the Archaic period introduced about newer forms of state, expressions of artwork, and a greater comprehension of people and customs outside of Greece. But in spite of the conflicts, the Greek civilization continued to progress, unabated.