The Effect of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design
The Effect of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design The introduction of the Normans in the second half of the eleventh century substantially transformed The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. The talent of the Normans exceeded the Anglo-Saxons' in design and farming at the time of the conquest. Nonetheless the Normans had to pacify the overall territory before they could focus on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Castles were more standard designs and often constructed on blustery hills, where their tenants spent both time and space to practicing offense and defense, while monasteries were considerable stone buildings, mostly situated in the widest, most fruitful hollows. The calm method of gardening was impractical in these dismal bastions. The finest example of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture existent presently is Berkeley Castle. The keep is thought to date from the time of William the Conqueror. A massive terrace serves as a hindrance to intruders who would attempt to mine the walls of the building. On one of these parapets is a picturesque bowling green covered in grass and enclosed by an aged hedge of yew that has been shaped into coarse battlements.
Your Patio: An Ideal Place for a Wall Fountain
Your Patio: An Ideal Place for a Wall Fountain The area outside your residence can be enhanced by adding a wall or a garden fountain to your landscaping or garden project. A myriad of current designers and fountain artisans have found ideas in the fountains and water features of the past.
As such, integrating one of these to your interior is a superb way to connect it to the past. The advantage of having a garden fountain goes beyond its beauty as it also appeals to birds and other wildlife, in addition to harmonizing the ecosystem with the water and moisture it releases into the atmosphere. Birds enticed by a fountain or bird bath often scare away irritating flying invaders, for instance. Putting in a wall fountain is your best option for a little backyard because a spouting or cascading fountain takes up too much space. You can choose to put in a stand-alone fountain with a flat back and an connected basin propped against a fence or wall in your backyard, or a wall-mounted type which is self-contained and hung from a wall. A water feature can be added to an existing wall if you include some kind of fountain mask as well as a basin to gather the water below. It is best not to attempt this job on your own as professional plumbers and masons are best suited to do this kind of work.
The Genesis Of Fountains
The Genesis Of Fountains The incredible construction of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to complete your home.
The primary purpose of a fountain was originally strictly functional. Residents of cities, townships and small towns used them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash, which meant that fountains needed to be connected to nearby aqueduct or spring. Up until the nineteenth, fountains had to be more elevated and closer to a water source, such as aqueducts and reservoirs, in order to take advantage of gravity which fed the fountains. Fountains were not only utilized as a water source for drinking water, but also to decorate homes and celebrate the designer who created it. Bronze or stone masks of animals and heroes were frequently seen on Roman fountains. Muslims and Moorish garden designers of the Middle Ages included fountains to re-create smaller models of the gardens of paradise. King Louis XIV of France wanted to demonstrate his dominion over nature by including fountains in the Gardens of Versailles. The Romans of the 17th and 18th centuries manufactured baroque decorative fountains to glorify the Popes who commissioned them as well as to mark the location where the restored Roman aqueducts entered the city.
Indoor plumbing became the key source of water by the end of the 19th century thereby limiting urban fountains to mere decorative elements. Impressive water effects and recycled water were made possible by replacing the force of gravity with mechanical pumps.
Modern-day fountains serve mostly as decoration for public spaces, to honor individuals or events, and compliment entertainment and recreational activities.
Water Transport Strategies in Ancient Rome
Water Transport Strategies in Ancient Rome Prior to 273, when the first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in Roma, citizens who lived on hillsides had to go further down to get their water from natural sources. If people living at higher elevations did not have accessibility to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to depend on the other existing technologies of the time, cisterns that collected rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that received the water from below ground. In the very early sixteenth century, the city began to utilize the water that ran underground through Acqua Vergine to supply drinking water to Pincian Hill.
Through its initial building and construction, pozzi (or manholes) were installed at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it easier to clean the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to remove water from the aqueduct, as we viewed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he operated the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he died. He didn’t get a sufficient quantity of water from the cistern that he had built on his residential property to obtain rainwater. That is when he decided to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran directly below his residence.
Free Water Fountains Around Berkley, Ca
Free Water Fountains Around Berkley, Ca In February 2014, a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages was enacted in Berkley, CA, making it the first city in the United States to create such a regulation. The taxation is intended to minimize sugary drink consumption and augment the consumption of healthier drinks, like water from fountains. First, the city conducted an analysis to evaluate whether citizens had easy access to working drinking water fountains. The research utilized a GPS app to gather data on current water fountains in the city. Analysts then used US Census data to find out more about the economic and racial elements that impacted the city.
Comparisons were made amongst the location and demographic data, exposing whether class differences affected access to clean, working water fountains. The testing was able to establish the demographics of areas with water fountains, also noting whether the shape of the fountains was greater or inferior in lower class neighborhoods. The fact that the fountains were working was not a guarantee that they were well-maintained, given that quite a few were in need of maintenance and repair.
Installation and Maintenance of Outdoor Fountains
Installation and Maintenance of Outdoor Fountains A very important first step is to think about the size of the outdoor wall fountain with regards to the space you have available for it. A strong wall is definitely needed to hold up its total weight. Therefore for smaller areas or walls, a lightweight feature is going to be more suitable. In order for the fountain to have power, a nearby electrical outlet is needed. Since there are many varieties of outdoor wall fountains, installation procedures vary, however the majority include user-friendly instructions.The general outdoor wall fountain is available in an easy-to-use kit that comes with everything you need and more to properly install it. A submersible pump, hoses and basin, or reservoir, are provided in the kit. The basin, if it's not too large, can easily be concealedin your garden among the plants. Other than the regular cleaning, little servicing is required once your outdoor wall fountain is fitted.
Replace and clean the water on a regular basis. Leaves, branches or dirt are types of rubbish which should be cleared away quickly. Protecting your outdoor wall fountain from the freezing winter climate is essential. If kept outdoors, your pump could split as a result of icy water, so bring it inside during the winter. To sum up, your outdoor wall fountain will continue to be a great add-on to your garden if you keep it well cared for and well maintained.