Gian Bernini's Outdoor Fountains
Gian Bernini's Outdoor Fountains There are many celebrated Roman water features in its city center. Nearly all of them were planned, architected and constructed by one of the greatest sculptors and designers of the 17th century, Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Also a city builder, he had capabilities as a water feature developer, and traces of his life's work are obvious throughout the avenues of Rome. Bernini's father, a renowned Florentine sculptor, mentored his young son, and they ultimately moved to Rome, in order to fully express their art, primarily in the form of public water fountains and water features. An diligent worker, the young Bernini earned compliments and the backing of many popes and important designers.
His sculpture was originally his claim to celebrity. An expert in historical Greek engineering, he used this knowledge as a foundation and melded it flawlessly with Roman marble, most famously in the Vatican. Though he was influenced by many, Michelangelo had the most profound impact on him, both personally and professionally.
The Effect of the Norman Conquest on Anglo Saxon Garden Design
The Effect of the Norman Conquest on Anglo Saxon Garden Design The advent of the Normans in the latter half of the 11th century substantially altered The Anglo-Saxon ways of living. The expertise of the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons' in architecture and agriculture at the time of the conquest. But home life, household architecture, and decoration were out of the question until the Normans taken over the general populace. Most often designed upon windy peaks, castles were basic constructs that enabled their inhabitants to devote time and space to offensive and defensive strategies, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings frequently added in only the most fecund, extensive valleys. The serene method of gardening was not viable in these dismal bastions. The purest specimen of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture existent presently is Berkeley Castle.
The keep is said to date from William the Conqueror's time period. A spacious terrace recommended for walking and as a means to stop enemies from mining under the walls runs about the building. On 1 of these terraces lies a quaint bowling green: it's covered in grass and flanked by an old yew hedge that is formed into the shape of rough ramparts.
Hydro-Statics & Wall Fountains: An Overview
Hydro-Statics & Wall Fountains: An Overview When in equilibrium, liquid applies energy to its container or any other material it comes in contact with. There are two kinds of force, hydrostatic energies and external forces. When pressing against a level wall, the fluid applies equal force at various points on the wall.
Liquid in equilibrium will apply vertical pressure at every point of an object’s exterior when that object is fully submersed in the liquid. This is also understood as buoyancy or the Archimedes’ principle. Hydrostatic pressure is formed by hydrostatic force, when the force exerts itself on a point of liquid. A city’s water supply system, fountains, and artesian wells are all examples of the application of these principles on containers.
The Circulation of Garden Water Fountains Engineering Knowledge in Europe
The Circulation of Garden Water Fountains Engineering Knowledge in Europe Throughout the European countries, the primary means of spreading practical hydraulic information and fountain design suggestions were the circulated papers and illustrated books of the time, which contributed to the advancement of scientific technology. An unnamed French water fountain developer came to be an internationally celebrated hydraulic pioneer in the late 1500's.
With imperial mandates in Brussels, London and Germany, he began his work in Italy, building expertise in garden design and grottoes with integrated and ingenious water hydraulics. He authored a book named “The Principles of Moving Forces” toward the end of his life while in France which became the fundamental book on hydraulic technology and engineering. Describing contemporary hydraulic systems, the publication also modernized critical hydraulic discoveries of classical antiquity. Dominant among these works were those of Archimedes, the creator of the water screw, a mechanical way of moving water. Two concealed vessels heated by sunlight in a area adjacent to the ornamental water fountain were shown in an illustration. Actuating the fountain is hot water that expands and ascends to close up the water lines. Pumps, water wheels, water features and backyard pond styles are mentioned in the publication.
An Introduction to Garden Herbs
An Introduction to Garden Herbs
Numerous gardeners are enticed to herbal plants because they can make use of them in so many varied dishes. These plants are easy to grow and have the appeal of instant gratification, as they can be used in soups, marinades, and other recipes. Though you may believe you have to get out and prune every day with an herb garden this is not correct, but even better you can keep it going all year long by moving your pots indoors in the fall. It is often sensible to allow perennial herbs to comprise the bulk of your garden, as these will not die and require replanting at the end of the year. Your flavor and texture preferences in preparing food with herbs are key considerations in deciding which herbs to grow. Think about the meals you want when choosing which herbs to plant in your garden. For instance, if you cook a lot of Italian food you may want to cultivate basil and oregano. If you like Latin food, select cilantro. You must determine where your herb garden will be grown in order to figure out which herbs will grow best. If you live in a mild climate, with warm winters and relatively cool summers, it may be easiest to plant straight into the ground. This makes your back yard look striking without the problem of making or buying planters. Plants often perish or become dormant because of direct exposure to the extreme weather. As a result, many people have opted for planters because they are versatile and practical.
Outdoor Water Fountains Found in Historical Documents
Outdoor Water Fountains Found in Historical Documents The water from springs and other sources was originally delivered to the citizens of nearby communities and municipalities by way of water fountains, whose purpose was mainly practical, not artistic. In the days before electric power, the spray of fountains was driven by gravity alone, commonly using an aqueduct or water resource located far away in the nearby mountains. Typically used as memorials and commemorative edifices, water fountains have influenced men and women from all over the world throughout the centuries. If you saw the 1st fountains, you probably would not recognize them as fountains. A natural stone basin, crafted from rock, was the 1st fountain, utilized for holding water for drinking and ceremonial purposes.
2,000 B.C. is when the oldest identified stone fountain basins were used. The spray of water appearing from small spouts was pressured by gravity, the lone power source designers had in those days. Positioned near reservoirs or creeks, the practical public water fountains supplied the local residents with fresh drinking water. Fountains with flowery decoration started to show up in Rome in about 6 B.C., usually gods and wildlife, made with natural stone or bronze. Water for the open fountains of Rome arrived to the city via a complicated system of water aqueducts.
The Positive Benefits of Adding a garden fountain in Your Living Space
The Positive Benefits of Adding a garden fountain in Your Living Space You can perfect your exterior space by including a wall fountain or an outdoor garden water feature to your yard or gardening project. Many contemporary designers and artisans have been influenced by historical fountains and water features. Therefore, in order to connect your home to previous times, add one these in your decor.
In addition to the positive characteristics of garden fountains, they also produce water and moisture which goes into the air, thereby, drawing in birds as well as other creatures and harmonizing the environment. Birds drawn to a fountain or bird bath often scare away irksome flying pests, for instance. Spouting or cascading fountains are not the best choice for a small yard since they occupy a great deal of space. You can choose to install a stand-alone fountain with a flat back and an attached basin propped against a fence or wall in your backyard, or a wall-mounted type which is self-contained and hung from a wall. A fountain can be added to an existing wall if you include some kind of fountain mask as well as a basin to gather the water at the bottom. Be sure to work with a specialist for this type of job since it is better not to do it yourself due to the intricate plumbing and masonry work required.