Outdoor Fountains: The Minoan Civilization
Outdoor Fountains: The Minoan Civilization Fountains and Water and the Minoan Civilization They were used for water supply as well as removal of storm water and wastewater. The chief components used were rock or clay. Whenever prepared from terracotta, they were typically in the shape of canals and round or rectangle-shaped pipes. There are a couple of examples of Minoan terracotta pipes, those with a shortened cone shape and a U-shape that have not been caught in any civilization since. Terracotta pipes were put down beneath the floor surfaces at Knossos Palace and utilized to circulate water. These Minoan pipes were additionally made use of for amassing and storing water, not just circulation. To make this possible, the pipelines had to be fashioned to handle: Below ground Water Transportation: At first this technique would seem to have been designed not for convenience but to provide water for chosen people or rites without it being observed. Quality Water Transportation: The pipes could also have been utilized to move water to fountains that were distinct from the city’s standard technique.California's Garden Water Fountain Research and Results
California's Garden Water Fountain Research and Results Berkley, CA citizens voted for a sugar-sweetened beverages tax in February 2014, the earliest of its kind in the United States. By taxing sugary drinks, the city hopes to inspire a lot more people to select healthier options, such as water.
Efforts were made to find out the condition of neighborhood drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods. The research utilized a GPS app to compile data on current water fountains in the city. This info was cross-referenced with demographic data on race and income obtained from the US Census Community Study database. By cross-referencing the water fountain locations with the demographic information, they were able to determine whether access to functioning fountains was class dependent. Each water fountain and the demographics of its nearby area were analyzed to reveal whether the location of the fountains or their standard of maintenance revealed any connection to income, race, or other factors. While the greater part of the fountains were in working order, an escalating number were uncovered to be in a bad state of repairs.
Pick from Many Exterior Wall Fountain Styles
Pick from Many Exterior Wall Fountain Styles
If you want to have a place to relax and add some flair to a small area such as a patio or courtyard, wall fountains are ideal because they do not take up much space. Traditional, antique, modern, or Asian are just a few of the designs you can choose from when looking for an outdoor wall fountain to your liking. While there are countless prefabricated ones on the market, you may need a custom-built fountain if none of these are appealing to you. There are two distinct styles of fountains you can buy: mounted and stand-alone. Mounted wall fountains are small and self-contained versions which can be placed on a wall. Wall fountains made of resin ( similar to stone) or fiberglass are usually lightweight so they can be easily hung. Large-sized free-standing wall fountains, often referred to as floor fountains, have their basins positioned on the floor and a smooth side leaning on a wall. Generally composed of cast stone, this type of water feature is not restricted in weight.
Many skilled landscapers prefer custom-built fountains which can be integrated into a brand-new wall or an existing one. A expert mason is necessary to install the water basin against the wall and properly install all the plumbing inside or behind the wall. It is also necessary to add a spout or fountain mask to build it into the wall. Customized wall fountains add to a unified appearance because they become part of the landscape rather than look like a later addition.
The Dispersion of Outdoor Fountain Design Knowledge
The Dispersion of Outdoor Fountain Design Knowledge Throughout Europe, the principal means of spreading practical hydraulic information and fountain design ideas were the circulated papers and illustrated books of the time, which contributed to the advancement of scientific technology. An internationally renowned innovator in hydraulics in the later part of the 1500's was a French fountain engineer, whose name has been lost to history. With imperial commissions in Brussels, London and Germany, he started his work in Italy, developing experience in garden design and grottoes with integrated and imaginative water hydraulics. In France, near the closure of his lifetime, he penned “The Principle of Moving Forces”, a book that became the primary text on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Classical antiquity hydraulic discoveries were outlined as well as changes to essential classical antiquity hydraulic breakthroughs in the book. Archimedes, the creator of the water screw, had his work showcased and these integrated a mechanical means to move water. Sunlight warming water in a pair of vessels hidden in a room next to an decorative water feature was presented in one illustration. What occurs is the heated water expanded, rises and locks up the conduits leading to the fountain, thereby leading to activation. Pumps, water wheels, water features and backyard pond concepts are documented in the publication.