The Influence of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design

The Influence of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Garden Design Anglo-Saxons encountered extraordinary modifications to their daily lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans. The ability of the Normans exceeded the Anglo-Saxons' in design and agriculture at the time of the conquest. However the Normans had to pacify the whole territory before they could focus on home life, domestic architecture, and decoration. Monasteries and castles served separate purposes, so while monasteries were enormous stone structures assembled in only the most fruitful, wide dales, castles were set upon blustery knolls where the people focused on understanding offensive and defensive strategies. Gardening, a quiet occupation, was impracticable in these fruitless fortifications. The finest specimen of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture existent presently is Berkeley Castle. The keep is rumored to have been developed during the time of William the Conqueror. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an obstacle to attackers attempting to dig under the castle walls. A scenic bowling green, covered in grass and bordered by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, makes one of the terraces.

Aqueducts: The Solution to Rome's Water Problems

Aqueducts: The Solution to Rome's Water Problems Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct founded in Rome, started out providing the individuals living in the hills with water in 273 BC, although they had depended on natural springs up till then. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the sole techniques obtainable at the time to supply water to locations of greater elevation. From the early sixteenth century, water was routed to Pincian Hill by using the underground channel of Acqua Vergine. Aqueducts: Solution Rome's Water Problems 53162087551710037765.jpg

Aqueducts: Solution Rome's Water Problems 53162087551710037765.jpg

The aqueduct’s channel was made reachable by pozzi, or manholes, that were installed along its length when it was initially constructed. The manholes made it less demanding to thoroughly clean the channel, but it was also achievable to use buckets to remove water from the aqueduct, as we observed with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he owned the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he passed away. It appears that, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t adequate to fulfill his needs. Thankfully, the aqueduct sat below his residence, and he had a shaft opened to give him access.