The Circulation of Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe
The Circulation of Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe The published documents and illustrated publications of the day contributed to the evolution of scientific innovation, and were the primary methods of dissiminating useful hydraulic concepts and fountain ideas all through Europe. An unnamed French fountain designer became an globally renowned hydraulic leader in the later part of the 1500's. By designing gardens and grottoes with built-in and ingenious water features, he started off his career in Italy by receiving imperial commissions in Brussels, London and Germany. In France, towards the end of his lifetime, he penned “The Principle of Moving Forces”, a book which turned into the fundamental text on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Detailing modern hydraulic technologies, the publication also modernized key hydraulic advancements of classical antiquity. Archimedes, the inventor of the water screw, had his work showcased and these integrated a mechanical way to move water. Sunlight heating liquid in two containers unseen in a room next to an ornamental water fountain was shown in one illustration. The hot liquid expands and subsequently ascends and shuts the water pipes consequently triggering the water fountain. Pumps, water wheels, water features and backyard pond concepts are included in the text.Water Transport Strategies in Early Rome
Water Transport Strategies in Early Rome Rome’s very first raised aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; before that, citizens living at higher elevations had to depend on local creeks for their water.
When aqueducts or springs weren’t available, people living at raised elevations turned to water pulled from underground or rainwater, which was made possible by wells and cisterns. In the very early 16th century, the city began to use the water that flowed underground through Acqua Vergine to deliver water to Pincian Hill. Pozzi, or manholes, were built at regular intervals along the aqueduct’s channel. During the roughly nine years he had the residence, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi utilized these manholes to take water from the channel in buckets, though they were initially built for the goal of cleaning and servicing the aqueduct. Reportedly, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t enough to satisfy his needs. Fortunately, the aqueduct sat just below his property, and he had a shaft established to give him accessibility.
The Countless Construction Materials of Outdoor Garden Fountains
The Countless Construction Materials of Outdoor Garden Fountains Most modern garden fountains come in metal, although many other types exist. Metals tend to create clean lines and unique sculptural accents and can fit almost any design theme or budget. The interior design of your house should establish the look and feel of your yard and garden as well.Today, a lot of people elect copper for their sculptural garden fountains. Copper is used in cascade and tabletop water fountains as well as various other styles, making it versatile enough for inside and outside fountains. If you choose to go with copper, your fountain can be any style from fun and whimsical to contemporary.
If your style is more conventional, a brass water fountain might work for you. Even though they are a bit old-fashioned, brass fountains are quite common because they often include interesting artwork.
Perhaps the most modern of all metals is stainless steel. Adding a modern-looking steel design will immediately add value to your garden and enhance the overall ambiance. Like all water fountains, you can buy them in just about any size you prefer.
Fiberglass is a common material for fountains because you can get the look and feel of metal at a much lower price, and it is lighter and easier to move than metal. Keeping a fiberglass water fountain clean and working properly is quite effortless, another aspect consumers love.
The Role of Hydrostatics In The Design Of Garden Fountains
The Role of Hydrostatics In The Design Of Garden Fountains When in equilibrium, liquid applies force to its container or any other material it comes in contact with. These fall into 2 categories, hydrostatic load or outside force. When pushing against a level wall, the fluid applies equal force at various points on the wall.
All points on an object’s exterior are affected by vertical pressure when the object is entirely submerged in a liquid that’s in a state of equilibrium. We refer to this concept as Archimedes’ principle, which deals with the forces of buoyancy. When hydrostatic force is applied on an area of liquid, this will become hydrostatic pressure. Examples of these containers can be found in the way a city circulates water, along with its fountains and artesian wells.
"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Outdoor Statuary
"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Outdoor Statuary
The primitive Greeks built the first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Most of the freestanding statues were of youthful, winsome male or female (kore) Greeks and are called kouros figures. The kouroi were believed by the Greeks to represent beauty and were sculpted with one foot leading and an uncompromising rigidity to their forward-facing poses; the male statues were always strapping, sinewy, and nude. In about 650 BC, the varieties of the kouroi became life-sized. The Archaic period was turbulent for the Greeks as they evolved into more sophisticated forms of federal government and art, and acquired more data about the peoples and societies outside of Greece. Still, these battles did little to hamper the progress of the Greek civilization.