The Many Construction Materials of Fountains
The Many Construction Materials of Fountains
Although they come in alternative materials, modern garden fountains tend to be made of metal. Metals tend to yield clean lines and unique sculptural accents and can fit almost any design preference or budget. Your landscaping should complement the style of your house. A prevalent choice today is copper, and it is used in the making of many sculptural garden fountains. Copper is used in cascade and tabletop water fountains as well as various other styles, making it versatile enough for inside and outside fountains. Another benefit of copper fountains is they are flexible and come in a wide variety of styles.
Also popular, brass fountains often have a more old-fashioned look to them versus their copper counterpart. Even though they are a bit old-fashioned, brass fountains are quite widespread because they often incorporate interesting artwork.
Most consumers today see stainless steel as the most modern option. Adding a modern-looking steel design will immediately add value to your garden and improve the overall atmosphere. As with all fountains, you can get any size you choose.
Because it is both lighter and cheaper than metal but has a nearly identical look, fiberglass is quite common for fountains. Keeping a fiberglass water fountain clean and working properly is quite simple, another aspect consumers love.
Acqua Vergine: The Solution to Rome's Water Challenges
Acqua Vergine: The Solution to Rome's Water Challenges Rome’s very first elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; before that, people living at higher elevations had to depend on natural creeks for their water. If inhabitants residing at higher elevations did not have access to springs or the aqueduct, they’d have to depend on the remaining existing systems of the day, cisterns that gathered rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that received the water from under ground. In the very early 16th century, the city began to make use of the water that ran below ground through Acqua Vergine to furnish drinking water to Pincian Hill. Throughout the time of its original construction, pozzi (or manholes) were installed at set intervals alongside the aqueduct’s channel. Whilst these manholes were developed to make it easier to maintain the aqueduct, it was also feasible to use buckets to remove water from the channel, which was employed by Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi from the time he bought the property in 1543 to his passing in 1552.
The cistern he had constructed to obtain rainwater wasn’t sufficient to meet his water needs. To provide himself with a much more streamlined means to obtain water, he had one of the manholes exposed, giving him access to the aqueduct below his residence.
The Circulation of Garden Water Fountains Industrial Knowledge in Europe
The Circulation of Garden Water Fountains Industrial Knowledge in Europe The circulated documents and illustrated books of the time contributed to the advancements of scientific technology, and were the primary means of dissiminating useful hydraulic concepts and fountain ideas throughout Europe.
In the late 1500's, a French water feature architect (whose name has been lost) was the internationally renowned hydraulics innovator. His expertise in making landscapes and grottoes with integrated and imaginative water features began in Italy and with commissions in Brussels, London and Germany. The text, “The Principles of Moving Forces,” authored towards the end of his life in France, turned out to be the fundamental text on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Modernizing principal hydraulic breakthroughs of classical antiquity, the publication also highlights modern hydraulic technologies. The water screw, a mechanical method to move water, and developed by Archimedes, was featured in the book. Sunlight warming water in two vessels hidden in a room adjacent to an beautiful water feature was presented in one illustration. The end result: the fountain is activated by the hot water expanding and ascending up the pipelines. Garden ponds as well as pumps, water wheels, and water feature designs are incorporated in the book.
Free Water Fountains in and Around Berkley, California
Free Water Fountains in and Around Berkley, California The 1st American city to pass a tax on sweet drinks was Berkley, California in February 2014. The purpose is to get individuals drinking more water and other natural beverages by elevating the price of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. Research was performed to find out the reputation of local drinking water fountains and whether people from different racial or economical backgrounds had less availability to them. By creating a mobile GPS application, experts were able to amass data on Berkley’s drinking water fountains. This info was cross-referenced with demographic information on race and income acquired from the US Census Community Study database. Evaluations were made amongst the location and demographic data, disclosing whether class differences affected access to clean, working water fountains.
Each water fountain and the demographics of its surrounding area were reviewed to reveal whether the location of the fountains or their level of maintenance showed any correlation to income, race, or other points. While the greater part of the fountains were in working order, an alarming quantity were found to be in a bad state of repairs.