Outdoor Water Fountains And Obesity
Outdoor Water Fountains And Obesity Berkley, CA citizens voted for a sugar-sweetened beverages tax in February 2014, the first of its kind in the United States. By making soda more expensive, it’s hoped that parents will make healthier choices for what their children drink, like water for instance. Efforts were made to find out the status of community drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods.
Through data collected by a mobile GPS app, researchers were able to ascertain the state of existing water fountains in Berkley. This information was cross-referenced with demographic data on race and income collected from the US Census Community Study database. The research workers sought to use both data sets to figure out if demographics were associated to drinking water fountain access. They were able to confirm the demographics of regions surrounding established fountains, as well as the tidiness and upkeep of fountains across assorted communities. The tidiness of many fountains was found poor, even if most were working.
Contemporary Garden Decoration: Garden Fountains and their Beginnings
Contemporary Garden Decoration: Garden Fountains and their Beginnings A water fountain is an architectural piece that pours water into a basin or jets it high into the air in order to provide drinkable water, as well as for decorative purposes. From the beginning, outdoor fountains were simply there to serve as functional elements. Water fountains were linked to a spring or aqueduct to provide potable water as well as bathing water for cities, townships and villages. Up until the 19th century, fountains had to be more elevated and closer to a water source, including aqueducts and reservoirs, in order to take advantage of gravity which fed the fountains. Fountains were not only used as a water source for drinking water, but also to decorate homes and celebrate the artist who created it. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often used by Romans to decorate their fountains. Muslims and Moorish landscaping designers of the Middle Ages included fountains to re-create smaller versions of the gardens of paradise. The fountains seen in the Gardens of Versailles were supposed to show the power over nature held by King Louis XIV of France. To mark the entrance of the restored Roman aqueducts, the Popes of the 17th and 18th centuries commissioned the construction of baroque style fountains in the spot where the aqueducts entered the city of Rome
Indoor plumbing became the key source of water by the end of the 19th century thereby limiting urban fountains to mere decorative elements. Gravity was substituted by mechanical pumps in order to permit fountains to bring in clean water and allow for beautiful water displays.
Modern-day fountains serve mostly as decoration for public spaces, to honor individuals or events, and enhance entertainment and recreational events.
Rome, Gian Bernini, And Garden Fountains
Rome, Gian Bernini, And Garden Fountains There are numerous famous fountains in the city center of Rome.
One of the greatest sculptors and artists of the 17th century, virtually all of them were planned, conceived and built by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. He was also a city designer, in addition to his abilities as a fountain engineer, and traces of his life's work are noticeable throughout the streets of Rome. Eventually moving to Rome to fully express their artwork, primarily in the form of community water features, Bernini’s father, a famed Florentine sculptor, guided his young son. The young Bernini was an exceptional employee and attained compliments and backing of significant painters as well as popes. His sculpture was initially his claim to popularity. An authority in historical Greek engineering, he utilized this knowledge as a foundation and melded it seamlessly with Roman marble, most remarkably in the Vatican. Though he was influenced by many, Michelangelo had the most serious impact on him, both personally and professionally.