California's Outdoor Fountains Research and Results
California's Outdoor Fountains Research and Results The 1st US city to implement a tax on high calorie drinks was Berkley, California in February 2014. By making soda more costly, it’s thought that individuals will make better choices for what their children drink, like water for instance. Attempts were made to find out the state of community drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods. The study utilized a GPS app to collect data on present water fountains in the city. The US Census Community Study database was chosen to accumulate information relating to race and economic status in these areas. By cross-referencing the water fountain sites with the demographic data, they were able to identify whether access to working fountains was class dependent. The surrounding demographics of each and every water fountain location was made note of, while additionally ensuring whether race or income levels made a huge difference in the state of repair of each fountain. Some of the water fountains were unclean or plugged, regardless of the fact that a lot of fountains worked.The Influence of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Landscaping
The Influence of the Norman Invasion on Anglo-Saxon Landscaping
Anglo-Saxons felt great adjustments to their day-to-day lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But before centering on home-life or having the occasion to contemplate domestic architecture or decoration, the Normans had to subjugate an entire society. Castles were more fundamental designs and often built on blustery hills, where their people devoted both time and space to exercising offense and defense, while monasteries were major stone buildings, commonly situated in the widest, most fruitful hollows. Gardening, a peaceful occupation, was unfeasible in these unproductive fortifications. The purest example of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture existent presently is Berkeley Castle. The keep is thought to date from the time of William the Conqueror. An enormous terrace encompasses the building, serving as an impediment to attackers wanting to excavate under the castle walls. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an aged yew hedge trimmed into the form of crude battlements.
Did You Know How Mechanical Concepts of Fountains Became Known?
Did You Know How Mechanical Concepts of Fountains Became Known? Instrumental to the advancement of scientific technology were the printed letters and illustrated books of the time. They were also the primary means of transmitting useful hydraulic ideas and water fountain design suggestions all through Europe.
A globally renowned leader in hydraulics in the later part of the 1500's was a French water fountain designer, whose name has been lost to history. By creating gardens and grottoes with built-in and amazing water features, he started off his profession in Italy by earning Royal mandates in Brussels, London and Germany. The text, “The Principles of Moving Forces,” penned towards the end of his life in France, became the fundamental writing on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Describing the latest hydraulic technologies, the publication also updated key hydraulic advancements of classical antiquity. Archimedes, the inventor of the water screw, had his work showcased and these included a mechanized means to move water. An decorative fountain with the sun warming the liquid in two vessels concealed in a nearby accommodation was shown in one illustration. The end result: the water feature is stimulated by the hot water expanding and rising up the pipelines. Models for pumps, water wheels, water attributes and garden ponds are also covered in the publication.
Outdoor Water Features Come in Many Forms and Sizes
Outdoor Water Features Come in Many Forms and Sizes Turn your garden into what you have always wanted – a haven of serenity.
Add a feeling of tranquility to your garden with an exterior fountain and avail yourself of all the positive effects of a water feature. Sending a stream of water shooting into the air, spouting fountains leave a striking impression. If your pond is sufficiently large, it can be incorporated without trouble. You may have encountered one of these in a recreation area or an old estate.
Wall fountains are an excellent example of outdoor wall features. Such fountains make for a great addition to your yard even if it is small. Spouting fountains normally make quite an impact whereas wall features are more of an understated kind of water feature. In this straightforward process, water is ejected from a little spout, goes down a beautifully textured wall, before being received at the bottom and returned to the top once again.
Themed fountains are ideal when the style of your garden allows for them. Consider a classic type of statue, such as a cherub supporting a spout, for the fountain if your residence or garden is rustic in style. Consider installing something bolder and unique for a contemporary garden. Let your imagination run free to choose the best option.
The main attribute of a multi-tiered fountain is that water flows from a variety of different levels. Due to the water moving down its multiple levels, these are also called cascading fountains.
Since outdoor fountains require a great deal of space, consider putting in a wall fountain or a pondless fountain. These types of water features are ideal for an area with limited space because their reservoirs are concealed underground.
Add a Japanese fountain if you are looking for a sense of relaxation. The water flows through bamboo sticks in this kind of water feature. The cycle of water flowing into a rustic-styled recipient or a shaped stone repeats itself again and again.
Glass fountains make up an additional category of fountain. A more vintage look is provided by trellis-style fountains which showcase shaped metalwork. Water features of this type are a perfect option for gardens with many sharp edges as well as contemporary forms and design. A wondrous effect is produced when water flows down the sheets of glass. Some fountains also include colored LED lights to shine onto the sheets of glass as water cascades downwards. A rock waterfall fountain (often made of imitation rock) showcases water softly cascading down its façade.
A large rock drilled with openings which then has pipes inserted into it is what distinguishes a bubbling rock fountain. In this kind of fountain, water is pushed upwards at low pressure to cause it to bubble and gurgle at the top. Downward flowing water appears as soft dribble as it moves down the sides of the rock to go back to its base. This is yet another option for gardens with restricted space. To guarantee that water is not sprayed around if it begins to get windy, this kind of fountain is the best choice since it only uses low pressure to move water.
Powered by sunlight, solar fountains are becoming rapidly trendy. There are numerous reasons for this newly found appeal such as the absence of cables, less difficulty in running them, a decrease in electricity bills, and the benefits to the environment. Outdoor solar-powered fountains are available in a multitude of varying styles, therefore, you will not have to compromise on which one to purchase.
The Early, Unappreciated Water-Moving Alternative
The Early, Unappreciated Water-Moving Alternative
The admiration Agrippa’s water-lifting creation received from Andrea Bacci in 1588 was short-lived. It could be that in 1592 when Rome’s most recent waterway, the Acqua Felice, began providing the Villa Medici, there was simply no longer very much need for the unit. The more plausible conclusion is that the unit was deserted once Franceso di Medici, Ferdinando’s siblingdied in 1588, leading him to give up his position as cardinal and go back to Florence where he received the throne as the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Even though there were various other relevant water-driven designs either planned or built during the later part of the sixteenth century, like scenographic water displays, giochi d’acqua or water caprices, and melodious water features, none were fed by water like Agrippa’s technology.