Greece: Cultural Sculpture

Greece: Cultural Sculpture Historically, most sculptors were paid by the temples to adorn the involved pillars and archways with renderings of the gods, however as the period came to a close it grew to be more common for sculptors to present regular people as well simply because many Greeks had begun to think of their religion as superstitious rather than sacred. Portraiture started to be widespread as well, and would be embraced by the Romans when they defeated the Greeks, and sometimes well-off families would commission a depiction of their progenitors to be positioned inside their huge familial burial tombs. A point of aesthetic development, the use of sculpture and alternate art forms transformed throughout the Greek Classical period, so it is not entirely accurate to assume that the arts served only one function. Greek sculpture was a cutting-edge part of antiquity, whether the reason was faith based fervor or visual satisfaction, and its modern excellence may be what endears it to us now.

Outdoor Garden Fountain Builders Through History

Outdoor Garden Fountain Builders Through History Multi-talented individuals, fountain designers from the 16th to the late 18th century often functioned as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and cultivated scholars all in one. Exemplifying the Renaissance artist as a innovative master, Leonardo da Vinci worked as an innovator and scientific specialist. With his tremendous curiosity about the forces of nature, he investigated the properties and movement of water and systematically annotated his observations in his now celebrated notebooks. Transforming private villa configurations into amazing water showcases packed with symbolic meaning and natural wonder, early Italian fountain designers coupled resourcefulness with hydraulic and horticultural knowledge. Outdoor Garden Fountain Builders History 7701172030185278.jpg

Outdoor Garden Fountain Builders History 7701172030185278.jpg

The brilliance in Tivoli were created by the humanist Pirro Ligorio, who was widely known for his skill in archeology, architecture and garden design. Well versed in humanistic subjects as well as classical technical readings, some other water feature designers were masterminding the excellent water marbles, water properties and water antics for the various estates near Florence.

The Function of Hydrostatics In The Design Of Outside Garden Fountains

The Function of Hydrostatics In The Design Of Outside Garden Fountains From its housing vessel to other components it comes in contact with, liquid in equilibrium exerts force on everything it meets. The force applied falls into one of two categories: external force or hydrostatic energy. When used against a level surface, the liquid exerts equal force against all points of that surface. Function Hydrostatics Design Outside Garden Fountains 37990561572796.jpg

Function Hydrostatics Design Outside Garden Fountains 37990561572796.jpg

All points on an object’s surface are affected by vertical pressure when the object is completely submerged in a liquid that’s in a state of equilibrium. These vertical forces are buoyancy, and the concept on its own is more fully defined by Archimedes’principle. When hydrostatic force is exerted on an area of liquid, this will become hydrostatic pressure. The containers that make up a city’s fountains, wells, and its water supply system are applications of these principles.

The Distribution of Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe

The Distribution of Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge in Europe Throughout the European countries, the principal means of spreading useful hydraulic understanding and fountain design suggestions were the circulated pamphlets and illustrated books of the day, which contributed to the advancement of scientific development. An unnamed French water fountain engineer became an internationally renowned hydraulic leader in the later part of the 1500's. By designing landscapes and grottoes with built-in and clever water features, he started off his career in Italy by receiving Royal commissions in Brussels, London and Germany. The book, “The Principles of Moving Forces,” penned towards the end of his lifetime in France, turned out to be the fundamental writing on hydraulic mechanics and engineering. Classical antiquity hydraulic discoveries were outlined as well as revisions to crucial classical antiquity hydraulic advancements in the book. Notable among these works were those of Archimedes, the developer of the water screw, a mechanical method of transferring water. Sunlight heating up liquid in a pair of containers hidden in a room next to an decorative water feature was presented in one illustration. The end result: the fountain is stimulated by the heated water expanding and rising up the pipelines. Distribution Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge Europe 48566138813825771.jpg

Distribution Water Fountain Manufacturing Knowledge Europe 48566138813825771.jpg

Pumps, water wheels, water attributes and garden pond designs are covered in the publication.