Acqua Vergine: The Answer to Rome's Water Problems
Acqua Vergine: The Answer to Rome's Water Problems Rome’s very first raised aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; prior to that, inhabitants living at higher elevations had to rely on local creeks for their water. When aqueducts or springs weren’t easily accessible, people dwelling at raised elevations turned to water taken from underground or rainwater, which was made possible by wells and cisterns. From the early sixteenth century, water was routed to Pincian Hill by way of the underground channel of Acqua Vergine. Pozzi, or manholes, were made at regular intervals along the aqueduct’s channel. The manholes made it less demanding to thoroughly clean the channel, but it was also possible to use buckets to extract water from the aqueduct, as we saw with Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi when he operated the property from 1543 to 1552, the year he passed away. The cistern he had built to obtain rainwater wasn’t adequate to meet his water requirements. Thankfully, the aqueduct sat below his residence, and he had a shaft established to give him accessibility.The Origins Of Fountains
The Origins Of Fountains The incredible construction of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to complete your home. Pure practicality was the original role of fountains. Inhabitants of cities, townships and small towns utilized them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash up, which meant that fountains needed to be connected to nearby aqueduct or spring. Used until the nineteenth century, in order for fountains to flow or shoot up into the air, their origin of water such as reservoirs or aqueducts, had to be higher than the water fountain in order to benefit from gravity. Fountains were not only utilized as a water source for drinking water, but also to adorn homes and celebrate the designer who created it. Roman fountains often depicted images of animals or heroes made of metal or stone masks. During the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden planners included fountains to create smaller variations of the gardens of paradise. To show his prominence over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. Seventeen and 18 century Popes sought to exalt their positions by including beautiful baroque-style fountains at the point where restored Roman aqueducts arrived into the city.
Urban fountains made at the end of the nineteenth functioned only as decorative and celebratory ornaments since indoor plumbing provided the necessary drinking water. The introduction of special water effects and the recycling of water were two things made possible by replacing gravity with mechanical pumps.
These days, fountains decorate public spaces and are used to pay tribute to individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.
Public Drinking Fountains Around Berkley, California
Public Drinking Fountains Around Berkley, California The first American city to implement a tax on sweet drinks was Berkley, California in February 2014. By making soda more expensive, it’s hoped that parents will make healthier choices for what their children drink, like water for instance. The aim of the research was to evaluate the state of community drinking water fountains and figure out if there is a distinction in access to fresh, operating drinking fountains based on racial or economic components.
Via content gathered by a mobile GPS app, researchers were able to ascertain the condition of active water fountains in Berkley. This info was cross-referenced with demographic information on race and income collected from the US Census Community Study database. Evaluations were made between the location and demographic data, showing whether class differences affected access to clean, working water fountains. The testing was able to pinpoint the demographics of areas with water fountains, also noting whether the condition of the fountains was greater or inferior in lower class neighborhoods. The cleanliness of many fountains was found wanting, even if most were functioning.