Acqua Vergine: The Remedy to Rome's Water Troubles
Acqua Vergine: The Remedy to Rome's Water Troubles Rome’s 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was built in 273 BC; prior to that, residents residing at higher elevations had to rely on local creeks for their water. Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the lone technologies readily available at the time to supply water to locations of high elevation. From the beginning of the sixteenth century, water was routed to Pincian Hill by using the subterranean channel of Acqua Vergine.
The aqueduct’s channel was made attainable by pozzi, or manholes, that were situated along its length when it was initially designed. Though they were originally designed to make it possible to support the aqueduct, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi started out using the manholes to gather water from the channel, opening when he purchased the property in 1543. It appears that, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t adequate to satisfy his needs. By using an orifice to the aqueduct that flowed underneath his property, he was able to reach his water wants.
Anglo Saxon Gardens at the Time of the Norman Conquest
Anglo Saxon Gardens at the Time of the Norman Conquest The arrival of the Normans in the second half of the 11th century irreparably transformed The Anglo-Saxon lifestyle.
At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But yet there was no time for home life, domestic architecture, and decoration until the Normans had conquered the whole region. Castles were more basic constructions and often erected on blustery hills, where their tenants devoted both time and space to exercising offense and defense, while monasteries were considerable stone buildings, mostly located in the widest, most fertile hollows. The sterile fortresses did not provide for the quiet avocation of gardening. The early Anglo-Norman style of architecture is exemplified in Berkeley Castle, which is conceivably the most untouched sample we have. The keep is rumored to have been invented during the time of William the Conqueror. A large terrace meant for strolling and as a means to stop enemies from mining under the walls runs about the building. A picturesque bowling green, covered in grass and surrounded by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, creates one of the terraces.
"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Outdoor Statuary
"Primitive" Greek Artistry: Outdoor Statuary
The first freestanding statuary was developed by the Archaic Greeks, a recognized success since until then the sole carvings in existence were reliefs cut into walls and columns. Kouros figures, statues of young, good-looking male or female (kore) Greeks, made up the bulk of the statues. Representing beauty to the Greeks, the kouroi were designed to appear rigid and typically had foot in front; the males were vigorous, robust, and nude. Around 650 BC, life-sized forms of the kouroi began to be observed. Throughout the Archaic time, a great time of changes, the Greeks were developing new sorts of government, expressions of art, and a better awareness of people and cultures outside Greece. During this time and other durations of historical tumultuousness, encounters often took place, most notably wars fought between city-states such as the Arcadian wars and the Spartan infiltration of Samos.
A Concise History of the Early Outdoor Water Features
A Concise History of the Early Outdoor Water Features As initially developed, fountains were designed to be functional, directing water from creeks or reservoirs to the residents of towns and settlements, where the water could be utilized for cooking, washing, and drinking. To generate water flow through a fountain until the late 1800’s, and produce a jet of water, mandated the force of gravity and a water source such as a spring or reservoir, positioned higher than the fountain. The splendor and spectacle of fountains make them ideal for traditional monuments. Crude in design, the first water fountains didn't look much like contemporary fountains.
Crafted for drinking water and ceremonial reasons, the 1st fountains were basic carved stone basins. The first stone basins are believed to be from about 2000 BC. Gravity was the energy source that controlled the oldest water fountains. Drinking water was provided by public fountains, long before fountains became decorative public monuments, as beautiful as they are practical. The Romans began creating ornate fountains in 6 BC, most of which were metallic or natural stone masks of wildlife and mythological representations. The people of Rome had an elaborate system of aqueducts that delivered the water for the many fountains that were located throughout the urban center.
The Countless Construction Materials of Landscape Fountains
The Countless Construction Materials of Landscape Fountains Garden fountains these days are typically made from metal, although you can find them in other materials too.
Those made from metals have clean lines and attractive sculptural elements, and are flexible enough to fit any budget and decor. If you have a contemporary look and feel to your interior design, your yard and garden should have that same look. One of the more trendy metals for sculptural garden fountains these days is copper. Copper is trendy for both inside and outside use and is frequently found in tabletop and cascade fountains, among others. If you decide to go with copper, your fountain can be any style from fun and whimsical to modern.
If your style is more conventional, a brass water fountain might be perfect for you. You will see a lot of brass fountains, as their intriguing artwork makes them trendy even if they are on the more traditional side.
The most modern metal right now is definitely stainless steel. For an instant increase in the value and serenity of your garden, get one of the contemporary steel designs. Like other water features, they come in a variety of sizes.
Because it is both lighter and less expensive than metal but has a nearly identical look, fiberglass is quite common for fountains. Keeping a fiberglass water fountain clean and working well is quite easy, another aspect consumers like.
The Countless Possibilities in Wall Fountains
The Countless Possibilities in Wall Fountains Having a wall fountain in your backyard or on a veranda is excellent when you wish to relax. You can have one custom-built to fit your requirements even if you have a small amount of space. A spout, a water basin, internal piping, and a pump are necessary for freestanding as well as mounted varieties. There are any number of models to pick from most notably traditional, contemporary, classic, or Asian. With its basin laid on the ground, freestanding wall fountains, or floor fountains, are generally quite large in size.
On the other hand, a water feature affixed to a wall can be integrated onto an existing wall or fit into a new wall. A cohesive look can be realized with this style of fountain because it seems to become part of the scenery rather than an added element.