California's Water Fountain Analysis and Results
California's Water Fountain Analysis and Results
The first example of a sugary drinks tax in the US came in February 2014, when it was passed by the city of Berkley, California. The taxation is thought to minimize sugary drink intake and improve the consumption of healthier beverages, such as water from fountains. Research was done to guarantee that residents of all races and economic classes had access to clean, working drinking fountains. Important information on the city’s drinking water fountains were pulled together using a GPS created exclusively for the research. This info was cross-referenced with demographic information on race and income obtained from the US Census Community Study database. By cross-referencing the water fountain locations with the demographic information, they were able to determine whether access to working fountains was class reliant. Each water fountain and the demographics of its bordering area were analyzed to reveal whether the location of the fountains or their level of maintenance revealed any relationship to income, race, or other factors. The tidiness of lots of fountains was found inadequate, even if most were working.
The Genesis Of Fountains
The Genesis Of Fountains The incredible construction of a fountain allows it to provide clean water or shoot water high into air for dramatic effect and it can also serve as an excellent design feature to enhance your home.Pure functionality was the original purpose of fountains. Water fountains were connected to a spring or aqueduct to supply potable water as well as bathing water for cities, townships and villages. Used until the 19th century, in order for fountains to flow or shoot up into the air, their source of water such as reservoirs or aqueducts, had to be higher than the water fountain in order to benefit from gravity.
Designers thought of fountains as amazing additions to a living space, however, the fountains also served to supply clean water and honor the artist responsible for building it. Bronze or stone masks of wildlife and heroes were commonly seen on Roman fountains. To depict the gardens of paradise, Muslim and Moorish garden planners of the Middle Ages added fountains to their designs. King Louis XIV of France wanted to demonstrate his superiority over nature by including fountains in the Gardens of Versailles. Seventeen and 18 century Popes sought to exalt their positions by adding beautiful baroque-style fountains at the point where restored Roman aqueducts arrived into the city.
Indoor plumbing became the key source of water by the end of the 19th century thereby limiting urban fountains to mere decorative elements. Gravity was replaced by mechanical pumps in order to enable fountains to bring in clean water and allow for beautiful water displays.
Contemporary fountains are used to adorn community spaces, honor individuals or events, and enrich recreational and entertainment events.
"Old School" Garden Fountain Designers
"Old School" Garden Fountain Designers Often serving as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and cultivated scholars all in one, from the 16th to the late 18th century, fountain designers were multi-faceted individuals, Leonardo da Vinci, a Renaissance artist, was renowned as a inspired genius, inventor and scientific master. He carefully recorded his findings in his now celebrated notebooks about his studies into the forces of nature and the properties and movement of water.
Combining inventiveness with hydraulic and gardening abilities, early Italian water fountain engineers modified private villa settings into amazing water exhibits filled of symbolic implications and natural elegance. Known for his incredible skill in archeology, architecture and garden design, Pirro Ligorio, the humanist, offered the vision behind the magnificence in Tivoli. Masterminding the fascinating water marbles, water attributes and water pranks for the numerous mansions in the vicinity of Florence, some other water fountain creators were well versed in humanistic issues as well as classical scientific texts.