Water Delivery Solutions in Historic Rome
Water Delivery Solutions in Historic Rome With the building of the 1st elevated aqueduct in Rome, the Aqua Anio Vetus in 273 BC, individuals who lived on the city’s foothills no longer had to rely strictly on naturally-occurring spring water for their demands. Throughout this time period, there were only 2 other systems capable of offering water to higher areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which accumulated rainwater. To provide water to Pincian Hill in the early 16th century, they employed the emerging method of redirecting the movement from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct’s underground channel.
During the length of the aqueduct’s route were pozzi, or manholes, that gave access. During the roughly 9 years he owned the residential property, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi made use of these manholes to take water from the channel in buckets, though they were initially built for the intent of cleaning and maintenance the aqueduct. The cistern he had constructed to collect rainwater wasn’t adequate to meet his water demands. To provide himself with a much more effective way to gather water, he had one of the manholes opened, giving him access to the aqueduct below his property.
California's Water Fountain Research and Results
California's Water Fountain Research and Results Berkley, CA residents voted for a sugar-sweetened beverages tax in February 2014, the earliest of its kind in the United States. The goal is to have everyone drinking more water and other natural drinks by raising the price of soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks. First, the city conducted research to evaluate whether people had easy access to working drinking water fountains.
By creating a mobile GPS application, researchers were able to get data on Berkley’s drinking water fountains. Demographic data on race and earnings was then assembled using the US Census database. The researchers sought to use both data sets to figure out if demographics were linked to drinking water fountain access. They were able to uncover the demographics of locations surrounding active fountains, as well as the tidiness and upkeep of fountains across assorted communities. The fact that the fountains were functioning was not a guarantee that they were well-maintained, as quite a few were in need of cleaning and repair.
Modern Garden Decoration: Outdoor Fountains and their Roots
Modern Garden Decoration: Outdoor Fountains and their Roots A water fountain is an architectural piece that pours water into a basin or jets it high into the air in order to provide drinkable water, as well as for decorative purposes.The central purpose of a fountain was originally strictly functional. Inhabitants of urban areas, townships and small towns used them as a source of drinking water and a place to wash, which meant that fountains had to be linked to nearby aqueduct or spring. Used until the 19th century, in order for fountains to flow or shoot up into the air, their source of water such as reservoirs or aqueducts, had to be higher than the water fountain in order to benefit from gravity. Fountains were an optimal source of water, and also served to decorate living areas and memorialize the designer. Animals or heroes made of bronze or stone masks were often times used by Romans to beautify their fountains. Throughout the Middle Ages, Muslim and Moorish garden planners incorporated fountains to create smaller depictions of the gardens of paradise. To show his prominence over nature, French King Louis XIV included fountains in the Garden of Versailles. Seventeen and 18 century Popes sought to laud their positions by including decorative baroque-style fountains at the point where restored Roman aqueducts arrived into the city.
The end of the 19th century saw the rise in usage of indoor plumbing to provide drinking water, so urban fountains were relegated to strictly decorative elements.
Gravity was substituted by mechanical pumps in order to enable fountains to bring in clean water and allow for amazing water displays.
These days, fountains decorate public areas and are used to recognize individuals or events and fill recreational and entertainment needs.