The Outcome of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Gardens

The Outcome of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon Gardens Anglo-Saxons felt incredible adjustments to their day-to-day lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans. At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation. But home life, household architecture, and decoration were out of the question until the Normans taken over the entire populace. Most often designed upon windy peaks, castles were basic constructs that allowed their occupants to devote time and space to offensive and defensive strategies, while monasteries were rambling stone buildings generally added in only the most fecund, broad valleys. The bare fortresses did not provide for the peaceful avocation of gardening. Berkeley Castle, maybe the most unspoiled model of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture, still exists today. Outcome Norman Conquest Anglo-Saxon Gardens 075726538583196987.jpg

Outcome Norman Conquest Anglo-Saxon Gardens 075726538583196987.jpg

The keep is said to date from the time of William the Conqueror. A large terrace recommended for exercising and as a means to stop enemies from mining under the walls runs around the building. One of these terraces, a charming bowling green, is covered grass and flanked by an ancient yew hedge cut into the figure of crude battlements.

The First Public Garden Fountains

The First Public Garden Fountains Villages and communities relied on working water fountains to funnel water for cooking, washing, and cleaning up from nearby sources like lakes, channels, or creeks. To produce water flow through a fountain until the later part of the 1800’s, and produce a jet of water, required the force of gravity and a water source such as a creek or reservoir, located higher than the fountain. First Public Garden Fountains 5318997881417821.jpg

First Public Garden Fountains 5318997881417821.jpg

Inspirational and impressive, big water fountains have been crafted as monuments in most cultures. Crude in style, the first water fountains did not look much like present fountains. A stone basin, carved from rock, was the very first fountain, utilized for holding water for drinking and ceremonial functions. Stone basins as fountains have been found from 2000 BC. The earliest civilizations that made use of fountains relied on gravity to drive water through spigots. These ancient fountains were created to be functional, usually situated along reservoirs, streams and waterways to supply drinking water. The people of Rome began constructing decorative fountains in 6 B.C., most of which were bronze or stone masks of animals and mythological characters. Water for the communal fountains of Rome was delivered to the city via a intricate system of water aqueducts.

Historic Crete & The Minoans: Water Fountains

Historic Crete & Minoans: Water Fountains 8809671740740991.jpg

Historic Crete & The Minoans: Water Fountains A variety of types of conduits have been discovered through archaeological excavations on the isle of Crete, the birthplace of Minoan society. They were used for water supply as well as removal of storm water and wastewater. The majority were made from terracotta or even rock. Whenever prepared from clay, they were generally in the shape of canals and circular or rectangular conduits. These included cone-like and U-shaped terracotta water lines that were exclusive to the Minoans. Clay pipes were employed to circulate water at Knossos Palace, running up to three meters beneath the floor surfaces. These Minoan pipes were also used for amassing and stocking water, not just circulation. Therefore, these pipelines had to be effective to: Underground Water Transportation: the hidden setup for water circulation could have been made use of to furnish water to particular men and women or functions. Quality Water Transportation: The water pipes may furthermore have been chosen to move water to water fountains which were different from the city’s regular system.

Public Water Fountains in and Around Berkley, California

Public Water Fountains in and Around Berkley, California In February 2014, a levy on sugar-sweetened beverages was enacted in Berkley, CA, making it the first city in the United States to bring in such a law. By making soda more expensive, it’s thought that parents will make better choices for what their children drink, like water as an example. Public Water Fountains Around Berkley, California 083632408.jpg

Public Water Fountains Around Berkley, California 083632408.jpg

Research was conducted to find out the reputation of local drinking water fountains and whether individuals from other racial or economical backgrounds had less access to them. Through information collected by a mobile GPS app, researchers were able to ascertain the state of active water fountains in Berkley. Demographic data on race and income was then gathered using the US Census database. The 2 data sets were reviewed to ascertain what class distinctions, if any, there were in access to functioning water fountains. Each water fountain and the demographics of its surrounding area were reviewed to reveal whether the site of the fountains or their level of maintenance exhibited any link to income, race, or other points. The cleanliness of numerous fountains was found wanting, even if most were functioning.